{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T12:31:04Z","timestamp":1793881864193,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Health-care workers (HCWs) are at the frontline of response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), being at a higher risk of acquiring the disease and, subsequently, exposing patients and others. Searches of 8 bibliographic databases were performed to systematically review the evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among HCWs. A total of 97 studies (all published in 2020) met the inclusion criteria. The estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection from HCWs\u2019 samples, using reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction and the presence of antibodies, was 11% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7, 15) and 7% (95% CI: 4, 11), respectively. The most frequently affected personnel were nurses (48%, 95% CI: 41, 56), whereas most of the COVID-19\u2013positive medical personnel were working in hospital nonemergency wards during screening (43%, 95% CI: 28, 59). Anosmia, fever, and myalgia were the only symptoms associated with HCW SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Among HCWs positive for COVID-19 by reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction, 40% (95% CI: 17, 65) were asymptomatic at time of diagnosis. Finally, severe clinical complications developed in 5% (95% CI: 3, 8) of the COVID-19\u2013positive HCWs, and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.02, 1.3) died. Health-care workers suffer a significant burden from COVID-19, with those working in hospital nonemergency wards and nurses being the most commonly infected personnel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T15:12:48Z","timestamp":1598627568000},"page":"161-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":634,"title":["COVID-19 in Health-Care Workers: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Sergio Alejandro","family":"G\u00f3mez-Ochoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar H","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyda Z","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Francis","family":"Raguindin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zayne Milena","family":"Roa-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice Minder","family":"Wyssmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Lucrecia Romero","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Eduardo","family":"Echeverr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Glisic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taulant","family":"Muka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021010508303105400_ref1","volume-title":"The Coronavirus App","author":"Progressier","year":"1, 2020"},{"key":"2021010508303105400_ref2","article-title":"COVID-19 has killed more people than SARS and MERS combined, despite lower case fatality rate","volume":"368:m641","author":"Mahase","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021010508303105400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12743","article-title":"COVID-19 transmission through asymptomatic carriers is a challenge to containment","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2021010508303105400_ref4","article-title":"Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 emissions from non-symptomatic cases","author":"Riediker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preprint. 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