{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:50:27Z","timestamp":1789026627643,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We sought to operationalize and validate data-driven approaches for identifying transgender individuals in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) of the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) through a retrospective analysis using VA administrative data from 2006\u20132018. Besides diagnoses of gender identity disorder (GID), a combination of non-GID data elements was used to identify potentially transgender veterans, including 1) an International Classification of Diseases (Ninth or Tenth Revision) code of endocrine disorder, unspecified or not otherwise specified; 2) receipt of sex hormones not associated with the sex documented in the veteran\u2019s records (gender-affirming hormone therapy); and 3) a change in the veteran\u2019s administratively recorded sex. Both GID and non-GID data elements were applied to a sample of 13,233,529 veterans utilizing the VHA of the VA between January 2006 and December 2018. We identified 10,769 potentially transgender veterans. Based on a high positive predictive value for GID-coded veterans (83%, 95% confidence interval: 77, 89) versus non\u2013GID-coded veterans (2%, 95% confidence interval:\u00a01, 11) from chart review validation, the final analytical sample comprised only veterans with a GID diagnosis code (n\u00a0=\u00a09,608). In the absence of self-identified gender identity, findings suggest that relying entirely on GID diagnosis codes is the most reliable approach for identifying transgender individuals in the VHA of the VA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T19:11:52Z","timestamp":1617736312000},"page":"1928-1934","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Validating Data-Driven Methods for Identifying Transgender Individuals in the  Veterans Health Administration of the US Department of Veterans Affairs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Hill L","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel I","family":"Reisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel 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