{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T19:44:06Z","timestamp":1784058246608,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD102313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD102313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD063036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD063036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD063072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD063072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD063047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD063047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD063037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD063037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD063041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD063041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD063020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD063020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD063046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD063046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD063048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD063048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD063053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD063053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The Dietary Guidelines for Americans rely on summaries of the effect of dietary pattern on disease risk, independent of other population characteristics. We explored the modifying effect of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)\/height (m)2) on the relationship between fruit and vegetable density (cup-equivalents\/1,000 kcal) and preeclampsia using data from a pregnancy cohort study conducted at 8 US medical centers (n\u00a0=\u00a09,412; 2010\u20132013). Usual daily periconceptional intake of total fruits and total vegetables was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. We quantified the effects of diets with a high density of fruits (\u22651.2 cups\/1,000 kcal\/day vs. &amp;lt;1.2 cups\/1,000 kcal\/day) and vegetables (\u22651.3 cups\/1,000 kcal\/day vs. &amp;lt;1.3 cups\/1,000 kcal\/day) on preeclampsia risk, conditional on BMI, using a doubly robust estimator implemented in 2 stages. We found that the protective association of higher fruit density declined approximately linearly from a BMI of 20 to a BMI of 32, by 0.25 cases per 100 women per each BMI unit, and then flattened. The protective association of higher vegetable density strengthened in a linear fashion, by 0.3 cases per 100 women for every unit increase in BMI, up to a BMI of 30, where it plateaued. Dietary patterns with a high periconceptional density of fruits and vegetables appear more protective against preeclampsia for women with higher BMI than for leaner women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T19:19:00Z","timestamp":1648495140000},"page":"1396-1406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Use of a Doubly Robust Machine-Learning\u2013Based Approach to Evaluate Body Mass Index as a Modifier of the Association Between Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Lisa M","family":"Bodnar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail R","family":"Cartus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward H","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon I","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine P","family":"Himes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corette B","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A","family":"Grobman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyagriv N","family":"Simhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A","family":"Wing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley I","family":"Naimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"2022102809583608000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0158","article-title":"The state of US health, 1990\u20132016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US states","volume":"319","author":"Mokdad","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref2","volume-title":"Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee: Advisory Report to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services","author":"Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee","year":"2020"},{"issue":"526","key":"2022102809583608000_ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nonparametric causal effects based on incremental propensity score interventions","volume":"114","author":"Kennedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc."},{"issue":"450","key":"2022102809583608000_ref4","first-page":"477","article-title":"Comment on \u201ccausal inference without counterfactuals\u201d by A.P. Dawid","volume":"95","author":"Robins","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022102809583608000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1214\/088342304000000305","article-title":"Conditional and marginal models: another view","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022102809583608000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0873-0","article-title":"The influence of maternal smoking on maternal and newborn oxidant and antioxidant status","volume":"168","author":"Orhon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17226\/9810","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds","year":"2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022102809583608000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5030949","article-title":"Vitamin D and obesity","volume":"5","author":"Vanlint","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022102809583608000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"24","key":"2022102809583608000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4322","article-title":"Subgroup identification from randomized clinical trial data","volume":"30","author":"Foster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022102809583608000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2009.00511.x","article-title":"Evaluating the ability of tree-based methods and logistic regression for the detection of SNP-SNP interaction","volume":"73","author":"Garcia-Magarinos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102809583608000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1198\/tast.2009.08199","article-title":"Variable importance assessment in regression: linear regression versus random forest","volume":"63","author":"Gromping","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Stat."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102809583608000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2174\/157489310794072508","article-title":"A review of ensemble methods in bioinformatics","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Bioinform."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7","volume-title":"The Elements of Statistical Learning","author":"Hastie","year":"2009"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022102809583608000_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800256115","article-title":"Classification and interaction in random forests","volume":"115","author":"Denisko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022102809583608000_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0390-z","article-title":"Stacked generalization: an introduction to super learning","volume":"33","author":"Naimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022102809583608000_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa027","article-title":"Machine learning as a strategy to account for dietary synergy: an illustration based on dietary intake and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"111","author":"Bodnar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511782466.017","volume-title":"Maternal Obesity","author":"Bodnar","year":"2012"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022102809583608000_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018000459","article-title":"Association between pre-pregnancy weight status and maternal micronutrient status in early pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Scholing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022102809583608000_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2007.00692.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress and potential interventions to reduce oxidative stress in overweight and obesity","volume":"9","author":"Vincent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022102809583608000_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj218","article-title":"Periconceptional multivitamin use reduces the risk of preeclampsia","volume":"164","author":"Bodnar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022102809583608000_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm071","article-title":"Association of periconceptional multivitamin use and risk of preterm or small-for-gestational-age births","volume":"166","author":"Catov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022102809583608000_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.01.068","article-title":"World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supplementation among low calcium intake pregnant women","volume":"194","author":"Villar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"2022102809583608000_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S533","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265090304S408","article-title":"Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in low-income countries: a meta-analysis of effects on birth size and length of gestation","volume":"30","author":"Fall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102809583608000_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.01.019","article-title":"A description of the methods of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b)","volume":"212","author":"Haas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022102809583608000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114416","article-title":"A data-based approach to diet questionnaire design and testing","volume":"124","author":"Block","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022102809583608000_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90099-B","article-title":"Validation of a self-administered diet history questionnaire using multiple diet records","volume":"43","author":"Block","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"issue":"479","key":"2022102809583608000_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1198\/016214506000000771","article-title":"Structured measurement error in nutritional epidemiology: applications in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition (PIN) Study","volume":"102","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022102809583608000_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.3.489","article-title":"A diet history questionnaire ranks nutrient intakes in middle-aged and older men and women similarly to multiple food records","volume":"123","author":"Mares-Perlman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022102809583608000_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005763","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Block98 food-frequency questionnaire in a sample of Canadian women","volume":"9","author":"Boucher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022102809583608000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116965","article-title":"Revision of dietary analysis software for the Health Habits and History Questionnaire","volume":"139","author":"Block","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref32","volume-title":"Diet*Calc Analysis Program, Version 1.5.0","author":"Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute","year":"2012"},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref33","volume-title":"USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, Version 1.0.","author":"Food Surveys Research Group, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture","year":"2004"},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref34","author":"Bowman"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102809583608000_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.12.016","article-title":"Update of the Healthy Eating Index: HEI-2010","volume":"113","author":"Guenther","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022102809583608000_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001805","article-title":"Association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"129","author":"Facco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref37","volume-title":"Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000"},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref38","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Perinatal Psychiatry: Use and Misuse of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale","author":"Cox","year":"1994"},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref39","volume-title":"STAI Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (\u201cSelf-Evaluation Questionnaire\u201d)","author":"Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102809583608000_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022102809583608000_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.15.2.123","article-title":"Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale","volume":"15","author":"Levine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref42","volume-title":"Targeted Learning of an Optimal Dynamic Treatment, and Statistical Inference Inference for Its Mean Outcome","author":"Laan","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref43","article-title":"Optimal doubly robust estimation of heterogeneous causal effects [preprint]","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref44","article-title":"Orthogonal statistical learning [preprint]","author":"Foster","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022102809583608000_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-70","article-title":"Reducing bias through directed acyclic graphs","volume":"8","author":"Shrier","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref46","author":"Hejazi"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022102809583608000_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(05)80023-1","article-title":"Stacked generalization","volume":"5","author":"Wolpert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022102809583608000_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00117832","article-title":"Stacked regressions","volume":"24","author":"Breiman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Machine Learning."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022102809583608000_ref49","first-page":"484","article-title":"A nonparametric super-efficient estimator of the average treatment effect","volume":"35","author":"Benkeser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Statist Sci."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref50","volume-title":"All of Nonparametric Statistics","author":"Wasserman","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102809583608000_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12212","article-title":"Nonparametric methods for doubly robust estimation of continuous treatment effects","volume":"79","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2022102809583608000_ref52","first-page":"150","article-title":"Handling missing data for causal effect estimation in cohort studies using targeted maximum likelihood estimation","volume":"50","author":"Ghazaleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7549","key":"2022102809583608000_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7549.1080","article-title":"The cost of dichotomizing continuous variables","volume":"332","author":"Altman","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022102809583608000_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2331","article-title":"Dichotomizing continuous predictors in multiple regression: a bad idea","volume":"25","author":"Royston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102809583608000_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200207000-00008","article-title":"Vitamin C and the risk of preeclampsia\u2014results from dietary questionnaire and plasma assay","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiology."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2022102809583608000_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy216","article-title":"Dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and maternal outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"109","author":"Raghavan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022102809583608000_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21715","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical factors associated with preeclampsia in women with obesity","volume":"25","author":"Vieira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022102809583608000_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1706","article-title":"Association of revised WIC food package with perinatal and birth outcomes: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"173","author":"Hamad","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022102809583608000_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.020","article-title":"Supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy for the prevention of preeclampsia and other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"204","author":"Conde-Agudelo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022102809583608000_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02158.x","article-title":"World Health Organisation multicentre randomised trial of supplementation with vitamins C and E among pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia in populations of low nutritional status from developing countries","volume":"116","author":"Villar","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG."},{"issue":"9517","key":"2022102809583608000_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68433-X","article-title":"Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"367","author":"Poston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.09.022","article-title":"Folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia, small for gestational age offspring and preterm delivery","volume":"195","author":"Martinussen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022102809583608000_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.12.008","article-title":"The risk of preeclampsia rises with increasing prepregnancy body mass index","volume":"15","author":"Bodnar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022102809583608000_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp052","article-title":"Association of periconceptional multivitamin use with reduced risk of preeclampsia among normal-weight women in the Danish National Birth Cohort","volume":"169","author":"Catov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022102809583608000_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/jci-2012-0002","article-title":"Causal inference under multiple versions of treatment","volume":"1","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Causal Inference."},{"issue":"526","key":"2022102809583608000_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2018.1469993","article-title":"Inverse probability weighted estimation of risk under representative interventions in observational studies","volume":"114","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022102809583608000_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu325","article-title":"Pooled results from 5 validation studies of dietary self-report instruments using recovery biomarkers for potassium and sodium intake","volume":"181","author":"Freedman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022102809583608000_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu116","article-title":"Pooled results from 5 validation studies of dietary self-report instruments using recovery biomarkers for energy and protein intake","volume":"180","author":"Freedman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"14","key":"2022102809583608000_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr189","article-title":"Dealing with dietary measurement error in nutritional cohort studies","volume":"103","author":"Freedman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022102809583608000_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.219634","article-title":"Addressing current criticism regarding the value of self-report dietary data","volume":"145","author":"Subar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022102809583608000_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1","DOI":"10.1111\/ectj.12097","article-title":"Double\/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters","volume":"21","author":"Chernozhukov","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Econom."},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref72","article-title":"Challenges in obtaining valid causal effect estimates with machine learning algorithms [published online ahead of print July 15, 2021]","author":"Naimi","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022102809583608000_ref73","author":"Parisi"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/aje\/kwac062\/43958484\/kwac062.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/191\/8\/1396\/46666659\/kwac062.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/191\/8\/1396\/46666659\/kwac062.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T12:34:13Z","timestamp":1666960453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article\/191\/8\/1396\/6556184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwac062","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9262","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-6256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]}}}