{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:12:49Z","timestamp":1787008369632,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health","award":["R01AG017644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG017644"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K17285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K17285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal effect of smoking on social isolation among older adults in England. Data from older adults of European ancestry who participated in 1 or more waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, from wave 1 (2002\/2003) to wave 9 (2018\/2019), were analyzed (n\u00a0=\u00a043,687 observations from 7,008 individuals; mean age = 68.50 years). The effect of current smoking on social isolation (ranging from 0 to 5) was estimated by 2-stage least squares regression using a polygenic score (PGS) for smoking cessation as the instrument. A low PGS for smoking cessation predicted current smoking (per 1\u2013standard-deviation lower PGS, coefficient\u00a0=\u00a00.023, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.015, 0.030; F =\u00a036.420). The second-stage regression showed that current smoking increased social isolation by 1.205 points (95% CI: 0.308, 2.101). The association was larger for persons with higher socioeconomic backgrounds: 2.501 (95% CI: \u22120.024, 5.026) and 0.696 (95% CI: \u22120.294, 1.686) for those with higher and lower educational levels, respectively. This study showed that current smoking instrumented by a PGS for smoking cessation was associated with social isolation. Assuming that the PGS served as a valid instrument in this study, the findings support an effect of smoking on social isolation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T04:18:10Z","timestamp":1700194690000},"page":"626-635","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Does Tobacco Smoking Increase Social Isolation? A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Tabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024040804353082100_ref1","author":"Vital Strategies","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10258","key":"2024040804353082100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"9","key":"2024040804353082100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15898","article-title":"Smoking prevalence following the announcement of tobacco tax increases in England between 2007 and 2019: an interrupted time\u2013series analysis","volume":"117","author":"Beard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"2024040804353082100_ref4","author":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024040804353082100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2010.524404","article-title":"Loneliness and smoking: the costs of the desire to reconnect","volume":"10","author":"DeWall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Self Identity."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024040804353082100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-022-00451-9","article-title":"Tobacco use, smoking identities and pathways into and out of smoking among young adults: a meta-ethnography","volume":"17","author":"Poole","year":"2022","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024040804353082100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-020-02439-5","article-title":"Not really a smoker? 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