{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:49:32Z","timestamp":1790815772442,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency","award":["P01ES011261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01ES011261"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency","award":["R01ES027224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES027224"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency","award":["R01ES020349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES020349"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency","award":["R01ES014575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES014575"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency","award":["R01ES025214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES025214"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency","award":["R01ES032836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES032836"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency","award":["R01ES030078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES030078"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency","award":["R01ES033252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES033252"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Few methods have been used to characterize repeatedly measured biomarkers of chemical mixtures. We applied latent profile analysis (LPA) to serum concentrations of 4 perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) measured at 4 time points from gestation to age 12\u00a0years. We evaluated the relationships between profiles and z scores of height, body mass index, fat mass index, and lean body mass index at age 12\u00a0years (n\u00a0=\u00a0218). We compared LPA findings with an alternative approach for cumulative PFAS mixtures using g-computation to estimate the effect of simultaneously increasing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for all PFAS. We identified 2 profiles: a higher PFAS profile (35% of sample) and a lower PFAS profile (relative to each other), based on their average PFAS concentrations at all time points. The higher PFAS profile had generally lower z scores for all outcomes, with somewhat larger effects for males, though all 95% CIs crossed the null. For example, the higher PFAS profile was associated with a 0.50-unit lower (\u03b2 = \u22120.50; 95% CI, \u22121.07 to 0.08) BMI z score among males but not among females (\u03b2 = 0.04; 95% CI, \u22120.45 to 0.54). We observed similar patterns with AUCs. We found that a higher childhood PFAS profile and higher cumulative PFAS mixtures may be associated with altered growth in early adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T08:33:25Z","timestamp":1708763605000},"page":"917-925","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Estimating effects of longitudinal and cumulative exposure to PFAS mixtures on early adolescent body composition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4285-1562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan R","family":"Kuiper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, , Washington, DC 20037,","place":["United 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Environmental Health, , Atlanta, GA 30333,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8233-5485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim M","family":"Cecil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, and Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, , Cincinnati, OH 45267,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5247-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, and Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, , Cincinnati, OH 45267,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4458-0516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Yolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, and Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, , Cincinnati, OH 45267,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Cincinnati Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, and Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, , Cincinnati, OH 45267,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi J","family":"Kalkwarf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, and Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, , Cincinnati, OH 45267,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9713-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, , Philadelphia, PA 19104,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5239-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph M","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, , Providence, RI 02903,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7976-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie P","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North 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