{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:07:42Z","timestamp":1789038462602,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Good adherence to antipsychotic therapy helps prevent relapses in first-episode psychosis (FEP). We used data from the FEP-CAUSAL Collaboration, an international consortium of observational cohorts, to emulate a target trial comparing antipsychotics, with treatment discontinuation as the primary outcome. Other outcomes included all-cause hospitalization. We benchmarked our results to estimates from the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial, a randomized trial conducted in the 2000s. We included 1097 patients with a psychotic disorder and less than 2 years since psychosis onset. Inverse-probability weighting was used to control for confounding. The estimated 12-month risks of discontinuation for aripiprazole, first-generation agents, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, and risperidone were 61.5% (95% CI, 52.5-70.6), 73.5% (95% CI, 60.5-84.9), 76.8% (95% CI, 67.2-85.3), 58.4% (95% CI, 40.4-77.4), 76.5% (95% CI, 62.1-88.5), and 74.4% (95% CI, 67.0-81.2), respectively. Compared with aripiprazole, the 12-month risk differences were -15.3% (95% CI, -30.0 to 0.0) for olanzapine, -12.8% (95% CI, -25.7 to -1.0) for risperidone, and 3.0% (95% CI, -21.5 to 30.8) for paliperidone. The 12-month risks of hospitalization were similar between agents. Our estimates support use of aripiprazole and paliperidone as first-line therapies for FEP. Benchmarking yielded similar results for discontinuation and absolute risks of hospitalization as in the original trial, suggesting that data from the FEP-CAUSAL Collaboration sufficed to remove confounding for these clinical questions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T03:57:43Z","timestamp":1711684663000},"page":"1081-1087","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antipsychotic drugs in first-episode psychosis: a target trial emulation in the FEP-CAUSAL Collaboration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2664-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro G","family":"Szmulewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAUSALab , Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Al\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAUSALab , Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAUSALab , Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh , School of Medicine, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Fredrikson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Gago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology , Department of Population Health, , New York, NY 10016 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"New York University Grossman School of Medicine , Department of Population Health, , New York, NY 10016 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Conderino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology , Department of Population Health, , New York, NY 10016 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"New York University Grossman School of Medicine , Department of Population Health, , New York, NY 10016 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Covadonga M","family":"D\u00edaz-Caneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense , Madrid 28007 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Galva\u00f1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense , Madrid 28007 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology , Department of Population Health, , New York, NY 10016 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"New York University Grossman School of Medicine , Department of Population Health, , New York, NY 10016 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Srihari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06511 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Yatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak K","family":"Sarpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh , School of Medicine, , Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann K","family":"Shinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital , Belmont, MA 02478 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celso","family":"Arango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28007, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dost","family":"\u00d6ng\u00fcr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital , Belmont, MA 02478 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, 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Chan School of Public Health , Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. 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