{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:56:44Z","timestamp":1791406604146,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study","award":["HHSN268201800003I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800003I"]}]},{"name":"The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study","award":["HHSN268201800004I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800004I"]}]},{"name":"The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study","award":["HHSN268201800005I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800005I"]}]},{"name":"The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study","award":["HHSN268201800006I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800006I"]}]},{"name":"The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study","award":["HHSN268201800007I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800007I"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HL145419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HL145419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK106201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK106201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK090047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK090047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 DK059944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 DK059944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and preterm birth (PTB) have excess cardiovascular disease compared with those with uncomplicated births, perhaps related to prepregnancy inflammation, dysmetabolism, or endothelial dysfunction. We included 1238 women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (1985-2011) with 2215 births classified according to outcomes (term, uncomplicated births were the referent). Using repeated measures analysis of variance, we estimated prepregnancy and postpregnancy biomarkers, as well as biomarker change according to pregnancy outcomes, adjusted for confounders. GDM and term HDP groups had higher prepregnancy high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (+0.37 [95% CI, 0.08-0.65]; +0.29 [95% CI, 0.04-0.55] log mg\/L), higher leptin (+0.29 [95% CI, 0.09-0.50]; +0.37 [95% CI, 0.17-0.56] log ng\/ml), and lower adiponectin (\u22120.25 [95% CI, \u22120.36 to \u22120.13); \u22120.11 [95% CI, \u22120.22 to \u22120.01] log ng\/ml) values than those with uncomplicated births, and these profiles persisted in magnitude postpregnancy. Controlling for body mass index attenuated most profiles, except that lower prepregnancy adiponectin remained associated with GDM. PTB without HDP or GDM was related to lower prepregnancy hsCRP and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (\u22120.31 [95% CI, \u22120.56 to \u22120.06] log mg\/L; \u22120.05 [95% CI, \u22120.09 to \u22120.01] log ng\/ml) and a larger leptin increase from before to after pregnancy (+0.20 [95% CI, 0.02-0.37] log ng\/ml). Prepregnancy inflammation and metabolic dysfunction contributed to GDM and HDP, perhaps due to higher body mass index. PTB may be related to adverse metabolic changes postpregnancy, although the unexpected endothelial biomarker profile warrants further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T12:17:26Z","timestamp":1713442646000},"page":"1407-1416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Inflammatory, metabolic, and endothelial biomarkers before and after pregnancy complications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Baiyang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15213,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Magee Women's Research Institute , Pittsburgh, PA 15213,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica P","family":"Gunderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Northern California , Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94588,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Health Systems Science , Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA 91101,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5799-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marnie","family":"Bertolet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15213,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia H","family":"Lopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15213,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha G","family":"Bryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magee Women's Research Institute , Pittsburgh, PA 15213,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora E","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35233,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9551-851X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet M","family":"Catov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15213,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Magee Women's Research Institute , Pittsburgh, PA 15213,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024100815294091000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330701723756","article-title":"More similarities than differences: an international comparison of CVD mortality and risk factors in women","volume":"29","author":"Gholizadeh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100815294091000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.110.156810","article-title":"Breathing life into the lifecourse approach","volume":"56","author":"Rich-Edwards","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"10","key":"2024100815294091000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.120.047320","article-title":"Gestational diabetes history and glucose tolerance after pregnancy associated with coronary artery calcium in women during midlife: the CARDIA study","volume":"143","author":"Gunderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"15","key":"2024100815294091000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.009250","article-title":"Life course trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors in women with and without hypertensive disorders in first pregnancy: the HUNT study in Norway","volume":"7","author":"Haug","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024100815294091000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22848","article-title":"Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors before and after gestational diabetes: a prospective life-course analysis in CARDIA women","volume":"28","author":"Catov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"15","key":"2024100815294091000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.015900","article-title":"Life course changes in cardiometabolic risk factors associated with preterm delivery: the 30-year CARDIA study","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100815294091000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14016","article-title":"Normotensive preterm delivery and maternal cardiovascular risk factor trajectories across the life course: the HUNT study","volume":"100","author":"Markovitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand."},{"issue":"10","key":"2024100815294091000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq267","article-title":"Longitudinal study of prepregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: the CARDIA study","volume":"172","author":"Gunderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024100815294091000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1024","article-title":"A 20-year prospective study of childbearing and incidence of diabetes in young women, controlling for glycemia before conception: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"56","author":"Gunderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"7","key":"2024100815294091000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1746","article-title":"Association of conventional cardiovascular risk factors with cardiovascular disease after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: analysis of the Nord-Trondelag Health Study","volume":"4","author":"Haug","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024100815294091000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421202","article-title":"C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women","volume":"342","author":"Ridker","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100815294091000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000053730.47739.3c","article-title":"Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention","volume":"107","author":"Ridker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"21","key":"2024100815294091000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646","article-title":"Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein","volume":"359","author":"Ridker","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"6917","key":"2024100815294091000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01323","article-title":"Inflammation in atherosclerosis","volume":"420","author":"Libby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024100815294091000_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2019.1629873","article-title":"Maternal blood biomarkers and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Gomes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100815294091000_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-10-0074","article-title":"Obesity, pregnancy, inflammation, and vascular function","volume":"140","author":"Denison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024100815294091000_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030186","article-title":"C-reactive protein and gestational diabetes: the central role of maternal obesity","volume":"88","author":"Retnakaran","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"6198","key":"2024100815294091000_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251816","article-title":"Preterm labor: one syndrome, many causes","volume":"345","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024100815294091000_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-018-0017-5","article-title":"Pre-pregnancy endothelial dysfunction and birth outcomes: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"41","author":"Lane-Cordova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertens Res."},{"issue":"1 suppl","key":"2024100815294091000_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1S","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(91)90002-4","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults. The CARDIA baseline monograph","volume":"12","author":"Cutter","year":"1991","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials."},{"issue":"11","key":"2024100815294091000_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90080-7","article-title":"CARDIA: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects","volume":"41","author":"Friedman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024100815294091000_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31818da09b","article-title":"Long-term blood pressure changes measured from before to after pregnancy relative to nonparous women","volume":"112","author":"Gunderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"2024100815294091000_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.09.008","article-title":"The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice","volume":"27","author":"Magee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertension."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024100815294091000_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00417-6","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia","volume":"9","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"2024100815294091000_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1007","article-title":"Term complications and subsequent risk of preterm birth: registry based study","volume":"369","author":"Kvalvik","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"9","key":"2024100815294091000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)01299-2","article-title":"The CARDIA dietary history: development, implementation, and evaluation","volume":"91","author":"McDonald","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024100815294091000_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.12.010","article-title":"Diet quality and markers of endothelial function: the CARDIA study","volume":"24","author":"Sijtsma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024100815294091000_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0000000000000278","article-title":"Convergent validity of a brief self-reported physical activity questionnaire","volume":"46","author":"Gabriel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024100815294091000_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024100815294091000_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2233","article-title":"Duration of diabetes and prediabetes during adulthood and subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiac dysfunction in middle age: the CARDIA study","volume":"41","author":"Reis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"7","key":"2024100815294091000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"2024100815294091000_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-364-X:159","article-title":"Detecting stable clusters using principal component analysis","volume":"224","author":"Ben-Hur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol."},{"key":"2024100815294091000_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","article-title":"Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis","volume":"20","author":"Rousseeuw","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Comput Appl Math."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024100815294091000_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.05.036","article-title":"Gestational diabetes and overweight\/obesity: analysis of nulliparous women in the U.S., 2011-2019","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024100815294091000_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.110.943407","article-title":"Hypertension in pregnancy and later cardiovascular risk: common antecedents?","volume":"122","author":"Romundstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"2024100815294091000_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.888982","article-title":"Genetically predicted obesity causally increased the risk of hypertension disorders in pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med."},{"issue":"20","key":"2024100815294091000_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.117.033278","article-title":"Assessing the causal role of body mass index on cardiovascular health in young adults: Mendelian randomization and recall-by-genotype analyses","volume":"138","author":"Wade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024100815294091000_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.10.024","article-title":"The placenta and preeclampsia: villain or victim?","volume":"226","author":"Melchiorre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024100815294091000_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22981","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99478-4","article-title":"The role of cardiovascular risk factors in maternal cardiovascular disease according to offspring birth characteristics in the HUNT study","volume":"11","author":"Haug","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024100815294091000_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025954","article-title":"Preterm delivery and maternal cardiovascular disease in young and middle-aged adult women","volume":"135","author":"Tanz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024100815294091000_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.121.18394","article-title":"Maternal vascular lesions in the placenta predict vascular impairments a decade after delivery","volume":"79","author":"Catov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024100815294091000_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15040","article-title":"Preterm birth with placental evidence of malperfusion is associated with cardiovascular risk factors after pregnancy: a prospective cohort study","volume":"125","author":"Catov","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJOG."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100815294091000_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.2mr0220-549r","article-title":"ICAM-1: a master regulator of cellular responses in inflammation, injury resolution, and tumorigenesis","volume":"108","author":"Bui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100815294091000_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.7978","article-title":"Lactation duration and progression to diabetes in women across the childbearing years: the 30-year CARDIA study","volume":"178","author":"Gunderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/aje\/kwae053\/58851092\/kwae053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/193\/10\/1407\/59634762\/kwae053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/193\/10\/1407\/59634762\/kwae053.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T16:38:31Z","timestamp":1728405511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article\/193\/10\/1407\/7649315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwae053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9262","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-6256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]}}}