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NP-IPV was defined as experiences of emotional abuse, controlling behaviors, or economic abuse during the past 5 years. Women (17.3%) and men (16.9%) were equally likely to report NP-IPV, often without co-occurring physical\/sexual IPV. For both genders, the risk of NP-IPV decreased with age and increased with financial strain and having a disability. Childhood maltreatment (sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exposure to emotional IPV for women and sexual abuse and emotional abuse for men) was associated with an increased likelihood of reporting NP-IPV in adulthood. Other risk factors included heavy episodic drinking (self and\/or spouse\/partner) for women and living in a neighborhood with high levels of social disorder for men. Having confidence in the police was a protective factor for both genders. These associations generally persisted in regression analyses controlling for co-occurring physical\/sexual IPV. Future research should focus on methods of preventing NP-IPV and the development of gender-specific interventions to reach and support those who experience NP-IPV. Furthermore, there is a need to improve and standardize measures of NP-IPV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T10:55:31Z","timestamp":1725447331000},"page":"1695-1708","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Determinants of nonphysical intimate partner violence: a cross-sectional study with nationally representative data from Canada"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Margot","family":"Shields","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Violence Epidemiology Section, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of \u00a0","place":["Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8722-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lil","family":"Tonmyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Violence Epidemiology Section, Health 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