{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:44:43Z","timestamp":1791618283950,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health Research from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["491439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491439"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We investigated the time-varying association between parity and timing of natural menopause, surgical menopause, and premenopausal hysterectomy among 23\u2009728 women aged 40-65\u00a0years at enrollment in the Alberta\u2019s Tomorrow Project cohort study (2000-2022), using flexible parametric survival analysis. Overall, natural menopause was most common by study end (57.2%), followed by premenopausal hysterectomy (11.4%) and surgical menopause (5.3%). Risks of natural menopause before age 50\u00a0years were elevated for 0 births (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] at age 45, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.49) and 1 birth (aHR age 45, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.07-1.38), but similar for \u22653 births (aHR age 45, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.85-1.06) compared to 2 births (reference). Elevated risks of surgical menopause before age 45\u00a0years for 0 births (aHR age 40, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09-1.69) and 1 birth (aHR age 40, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.85-1.45) attenuated when excluding women with past infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss, and reduced risks were observed over time for \u22653 births (aHR age 50, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.94). Risks of premenopausal hysterectomy were lower before age 50\u00a0years for 0 births (aHR age 45, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88) but elevated after age 40\u00a0years for \u22653 births (aHR age 50, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.08-1.45). These complex associations necessitate additional research on the sociobiological impacts of childbearing on gynecologic health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T03:32:54Z","timestamp":1724902374000},"page":"1726-1734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of parity with the timing and type of menopause: a longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5811-7661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie V","family":"Scime","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough , Toronto, ON ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7579-5890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beili","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary K","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough , Toronto, ON ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0500-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin A","family":"Brennand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB 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