{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:55:46Z","timestamp":1783468546452,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"US Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSF223201810083C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSF223201810083C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"US Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSF223201400043I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSF223201400043I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With Medicaid covering half of US pregnancies, Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) provides a valuable data source to enrich understanding about stillbirth etiologies. We developed and validated a claims-based algorithm to predict gestational age (GA) at stillbirth. We linked the stillbirths identified in MAX 1999-2013 to Florida fetal death records (FDRs) to obtain clinical estimates of GA (n\u00a0=\u00a0825). We tested several algorithms, including using a fixed median GA, median GA at the time of specific prenatal screening tests, and expanded versions considering additional predictors of stillbirth, including linear regression and random forest models. We estimated the proportion of pregnancies with differences of \u00b11, 2, 3 and 4\u00a0weeks between the predicted and FDR GA and the model mean square error (MSE). We validated the selected algorithms in 2 external samples. The best performing algorithm was a random forest model (MSE, 12.67 weeks2) with 84% of GAs within \u00b14\u00a0weeks. Assigning a fixed GA of 28\u00a0weeks resulted in an MSE of 60.21 weeks2 and proportions of GA within \u00b14\u00a0weeks of 32%. We observed consistent results in the external samples. Our prediction algorithm for stillbirths can facilitate pregnancy research in the Medicaid population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T15:45:31Z","timestamp":1726587931000},"page":"2295-2303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and validation of an algorithm to predict stillbirth gestational age in Medicaid billing records"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-1160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thuy N","family":"Thai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School Department of Population Medicine, , Boston, MA 02215,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy University of Florida Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Florida Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety, , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole E","family":"Smolinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy University of Florida Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Florida Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety, , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6383-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina","family":"Nduaguba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy West Virginia University Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, , Morgantown, WV 26506,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"West Virginia University Cancer Institute , Morgantown, WV 26506,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Division of Epidemiology, Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, , Silver Spring, MD 20993,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, , Boston, MA 02115, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2623-2726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loreen","family":"Straub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Division of Epidemiology, Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, , Silver Spring, MD 20993,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian T","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, , Boston, MA 02115, United States"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Stanford University Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, , Stanford, CA 94305,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA 02115,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista F","family":"Huybrechts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Division of Epidemiology, Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, , Silver Spring, MD 20993,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja A","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21205,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6518-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almut G","family":"Winterstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy University of Florida Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"University of Florida Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety, , Gainesville, FL 32610,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"College of Public Health & Health Professionals and College of Medicine University of Florida Department of Epidemiology, , Gainesville, FL 32603,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2025111808064251800_ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fetal mortality: United States, 2020","volume":"71","author":"Gregory","year":"2022","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"22","key":"2025111808064251800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1823","article-title":"Causes of death among stillbirths","volume":"306","author":"Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network Writing 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