{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:40:06Z","timestamp":1748997606233,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Interventional pharmacoepidemiology applies quantitative analysis of patterns of medication use and outcomes to help design, guide, and then evaluate programs to improve prescription drug use and outcomes. Surveillance of prescribing and drug-taking in large populations is increasingly practical because of the proliferation of detailed data on medication use decisions, often based on paid claims billing data. At the same time, increasingly granular clinical information is available on patient characteristics and outcomes. This can offer important opportunities to identify problematic use, focus interventions to address them, and measure their impact. Alexander et\u00a0al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2025;194(4):1052-1057) review the need for such research and provide methodological guidance for its performance. While randomized controlled trials of such interventions are ideal, real-world considerations often require other evaluation strategies, including stepped-wedge designs and interrupted time-series analysis. As drug therapy becomes more powerful and more costly, and the risks of poor medication choices as well as underuse of effective treatments become even better understood, the health care system will increasingly rely on such approaches to assess current patterns of prescribing and patient adherence, target programs to address problem areas, and measure the effectiveness of such interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T03:43:32Z","timestamp":1728618212000},"page":"1501-1503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Invited commentary on interventional pharmacoepidemiology: origins, current status, and future possibilities"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0255-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerry","family":"Avorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics and the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02120 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology","year":"1989","author":"Avorn","key":"2025060320125995600_ref1"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025060320125995600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae109","article-title":"Interventional pharmacoepidemiology: design and evaluations of interventions to improve prescribing","volume":"194","author":"Alexander","year":"2025","journal-title":"Amer J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"2025060320125995600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198306163082406","article-title":"Improving drug-therapy decisions through educational outreach: a randomized controlled trial of academically based \"detailing.\"","volume":"308","author":"Avorn","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025060320125995600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000409.pub2","article-title":"Educational outreach visits: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes","volume":"2007","author":"O'Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025060320125995600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2453684","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.53684","article-title":"Academic detailing interventions and evidence-based prescribing: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Rome","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025060320125995600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.1025","article-title":"Medicare letters to curb overprescribing of controlled substances had no detectable effect on providers","volume":"35","author":"Sacarny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025060320125995600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1714987","article-title":"The psychology of clinical decision making - 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