{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T03:05:04Z","timestamp":1770347104591,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Purpose: To describe a novel data ecosystem and quantify improvements in documented COVID-19 vaccine uptake using closed claims data and state vaccine registries. Methods: De-identified data from administrative claims were linked via tokenization to state vaccine registry data from two states with mandatory vaccine reporting. COVID-19 vaccine uptake in claims alone versus supplemented with registry data was measured separately for original wildtype, BA.4\/5-adapted bivalent, and XBB.1.5-adapted formulations. Results: There were over 9 million individuals included in each formulation distribution study period. Using claims data alone versus with additional state registry data, 20% versus 57% of individuals had documented receipt of a primary wildtype series (\u22652 doses of two-dose or\u00a0\u2265\u00a01 of single-dose series), 7% versus 10% BA.4\/5-adapted bivalent, and 6% versus 8% XBB.1.5-adapted COVID-19 vaccine. Most claims-based vaccination events were captured with drug, rather than procedure, codes. Individuals with Medicaid-based insurance were less likely to be captured as vaccinated in claims data. Conclusions: The addition of state vaccine registries increased COVID-19 vaccine capture by 182% for primary wildtype series, 41% BA.4\/5-adapted bivalent, and 38% XBB.1.5-adapted formulations. Tokenization of claims data to vaccine registries presents an opportunity for more accurate estimates of vaccine uptake and effectiveness than claims data alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaf251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:24:38Z","timestamp":1763036678000},"page":"596-601","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness evidence generation using tokenized immunization registries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2670-800X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen M","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Evidence Generation, Pfizer Inc. , New York, NY 10001 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0312-635X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah 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States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6598-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin T","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real-World Evidence, Genesis Research Group , Hoboken, NJ 07030 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-6504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jazmine S","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real-World Evidence, Genesis Research Group , Hoboken, NJ 07030 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real-World Evidence, Genesis Research Group , Hoboken, NJ 07030 ,","place":["United 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