{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:13:56Z","timestamp":1780499636852,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MOM2CHild study","award":["R01HD109915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD109915"]}]},{"name":"IMPRINT Cohort","award":["U01A1144673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01A1144673"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["UL1TR001425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001425"]}]},{"name":"Molecular Epidemiology in Children's Environmental Health Training program","award":["5\u00a0T32 ES 10957-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\u00a0T32 ES 10957-18"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP16-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP16-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cohort studies are often challenged by incomplete adherence to sampling regimens, limiting the full capture of disease burden. We describe the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections achieved in a birth cohort using a combination of weekly nasal sample testing and serology. The Pediatric Respiratory and Enteric Viral Acquisition and Immunogenesis Longitudinal Cohort followed 245 maternal\u2013child dyads from birth to age 18 to 24\u00a0months. Weekly mid-turbinate nasal swabs were tested for RSV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Serum was tested for RSV pre-fusion F IgG and IgA antibody at age 6\u00a0weeks and biannually from 6 to 24\u00a0months. Mixed effects classification and regression trees identified antibody thresholds consistent with a RT-qPCR-identified RSV infection using a subset of participants having \u226590% weekly sample adherence (n\u00a0=\u00a053, 21%). Resulting thresholds were applied to participants with either \u226570% of weekly samples or serum at age 18 to 24\u00a0months (n\u00a0=\u00a0194, 79%). Incidence rates were compared using Fisher's exact test. Classification and regression trees identified a log10 change in IgG\u00a0&amp;gt;\u00a00.32 or IgA\u00a0&amp;gt;\u00a00.20 as indicative of an RSV infection. Comparing RT-qPCR-only to a combination of RT-qPCR and serology, RSV cumulative incidence (49% vs 75%, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001) and incidence rate (0.33 vs 0.71 infections\/child-year, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001) increased; these rates did not differ from those calculated in those with \u226590% sample adherence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaf271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T12:55:04Z","timestamp":1765025704000},"page":"1605-1614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing the sensitivity of detection of respiratory syncytial virus infections in longitudinal studies using the combination of weekly sample testing and biannual serology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3715-5842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon C","family":"Conrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative and Population Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-911X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel C","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0245-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Deza","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City , Kansas City, MO ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1125-5247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Epperson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-6251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa M","family":"Coughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2271-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison R","family":"Burrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8558-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire P","family":"Mattison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Cherokee Nation Operational Solutions , Tulsa, OK ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5678-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel M","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Development Division, The Gates Foundation , Seattle, WA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-316X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia M","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3523-3616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie J","family":"Thornburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6363-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith L","family":"McMorrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1788-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Allen","family":"Staat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1126-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ardythe L","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of 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