{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T12:23:19Z","timestamp":1783513399117,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>American Indian and Alaska Native persons in the United States experience high rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea (CT\/GC) infections, but the burden among persons receiving healthcare through the Indian Health Service (IHS) has not been recently described. Currently, there is no surveillance system to regularly monitor IHS-specific CT\/GC burden and trends. We used two capture recapture (CRC) methods with two IHS medical records sources: diagnostic codes and laboratory test results linked by person within 30\u00a0days among persons \u226515\u00a0years during 2016 to 2021. Capture recapture estimates were used with the IHS population to create prevalence rates and compared to the medical records counts. CRC estimated 88\u2009680 (1189 per 100\u2009000) and 83\u2009884 CT infections (1125) and 36\u2009713 (492) and 35\u2009930 GC infections (482). Diagnostic codes were 60% and 63% of CT and 54% and 56% of GC CRC estimates and combined with laboratory test results were 88% and 94% of CT and 86% and 88% of GC CRC estimates. These findings underscore the value of IHS medical records for estimating CT\/GC infections and measuring undercounting of single source CT\/GC medical records. These sources can be leveraged to provide surveillance estimates for monitoring trends; strategic outreach; and supporting testing, treatment, and staffing needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwag031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:09:16Z","timestamp":1770718156000},"page":"1984-1992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Applying capture recapture methods to estimate the burden of chlamydial and gonococcal infections using Indian Health Service Medical Records, 2016-2021"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3871-8216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana L","family":"Haberling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University , Tampere 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GA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8427-8004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J Pekka","family":"Nuorti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University , Tampere ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andria","family":"Apostolou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, Indian Health Service , Rockville, MD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070807570520100_ref1","author":"Centers for Disease Control and 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