{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T21:03:21Z","timestamp":1780520601656,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM141821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM141821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F31AI183782-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31AI183782-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01AI057786, U19AI076217, U19AI109755, U19AI111224, and U19AI142793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI057786, U19AI076217, U19AI109755, U19AI111224, and U19AI142793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K01AI151083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AI151083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Identifying transmission events is important in understanding infectious disease dynamics. Such events are typically unobservable, particularly in respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). We apply network techniques to identify transmission clusters and features shared within clusters. We estimate directed pairwise transmission probabilities via an existing iterative algorithm that employs a modified Na\u00efve Bayes classifier and use these probabilities to create a network. We explore noise reduction techniques to trim low-probability edges. We group individuals with TB based on edges informed by transmission probabilities via network clustering algorithms. We apply our framework to simulated data and assess clustering algorithm performance. We then apply this approach to data from a cohort study in Lima, Peru, and examine homogeneity of the clusters using a binary entropy measure. We find cluster performance to be consistent across all edge-trimming scenarios and clustering methods. We find high levels of entropy, implying heterogeneity for age, sex, socioeconomic status, individuals who work outside the home, and people using public transit. We analyze estimated directed pairwise transmission probabilities with network techniques. The approach is consistent across network construction and clustering methods and can be applied to any disease outbreak to understand its dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of a Special Collection on Latino Health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwag067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:41:51Z","timestamp":1774010511000},"page":"1689-1697","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Network analysis of pairwise relative tuberculosis transmission probabilities in Lima, Peru"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5917-1440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne N","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith B","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan Chin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan B","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. 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