{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:13:40Z","timestamp":1780499620873,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 HL161257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 HL161257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI136526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI136526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Animal and in vitro studies suggest that leukotriene-modifying agents (LMAs) may decrease susceptibility to influenza illness. We estimated the effect of LMAs on severe human influenza illness in a retrospective cohort using three analytic approaches: (1) a marginal structural model, (2) a proportional hazards model, and (3) a case\u2013time\u2013control design. Study populations included individuals with asthma and\/or allergic rhinitis for whom LMAs are approved and who were enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid (TennCare) or Department of Defense Military Health System (DoD MHS) from 1995 to 2019. Exposed periods were defined by LMA prescription start dates plus days' supply. Severe influenza illness was defined using previously validated International Classification of Diseases criteria. Montelukast accounted for 99% of LMA prescription fills. Adjusted incidence rate ratios from the marginal structural model and adjusted hazard ratios from the proportional hazards model were 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.59) and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.92-1.41) for TennCare and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84-1.21) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.82-1.16) for DoD MHS, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios from the case\u2013time\u2013control were 1.11 (95% CI, 0.74-1.65) for TennCare and 1.91 (95% CI, 1.29-2.84) for DoD MHS. Findings in different populations and designs do not support the use of LMAs for chemoprophylaxis of severe influenza illness. Conclusions regarding LMAs other than montelukast were not possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwag072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T11:40:15Z","timestamp":1775043615000},"page":"1634-1646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leukotriene-modifying agent chemoprophylaxis for severe influenza illness: a multi-approach study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Brittney M","family":"Snyder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9517-0739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne A","family":"Riddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, CA 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