{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:52:05Z","timestamp":1785894725005,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035544"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035536"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035550"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035542"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035529"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035537"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035543"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035540"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035527"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035521"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035519"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035518"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035516 and UG3OD035517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035516 and UG3OD035517"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035532"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035513"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035509"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035508"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023337"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023305"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023249"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023272"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023290"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023285"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023348"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UH3OD023286 and UG3OD035533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023286 and UG3OD035533"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023349"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023342"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023288"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UH3OD023268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023268"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023344"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023389"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UH3OD023347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023347"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3OD035528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD035528"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UH3OD023271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023271"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023275"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023244"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023365"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UH3OD023287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023287"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023282"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023289"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023279"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UH3OD023318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023318"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UH3OD023328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023328"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023313"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023248 and UG3OD035526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023248 and UG3OD035526"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023253"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UH3OD023332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023332"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UH3OD023320 and UG3OD035546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023320 and UG3OD035546"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["UG3\/UH3OD023251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3\/UH3OD023251"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U2CES030851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2CES030851"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U2CES026561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2CES026561"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U2CES026555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2CES026555"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U2CES030857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2CES030857"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U2CES030859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2CES030859"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U2CES026542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2CES026542"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U2CES026533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2CES026533"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U24ES026539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24ES026539"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["ES0266542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES0266542"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U24OD035523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24OD035523"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U24OD023319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24OD023319"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U24OD023382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24OD023382"]}]},{"name":"the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health","award":["U2COD023375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2COD023375"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acetaminophen is among the most common over-the-counter medications used during pregnancy. Given inconsistent findings from both experimental and epidemiological studies on associations between use and adverse health outcomes, further research is warranted. To address this, our objective was to assess the relationship between prenatal acetaminophen use and birth outcomes. We studied 8957 mother\u2013infant pairs from 36 pediatric study sites participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. After imputation and inverse probability weighting, we used regression models to examine the relationship between acetaminophen during pregnancy and the following outcomes: (1) preterm birth, (2) birthweight, (3) small-for-gestational age (SGA), and (4) large-for-gestational-age (LGA). Approximately 59% of mothers reported using acetaminophen at any point during their pregnancy (n\u00a0=\u00a05257). After adjustment for relevant covariates, prenatal acetaminophen use was associated with lower odds of LGA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.96). Prenatal acetaminophen use was not associated with preterm birth (aOR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.14), birthweight (a\u03b2: \u22127.52\u00a0g; 95% CI: \u221227.80, 12.77) or SGA (aOR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.18). Based on these findings, future research should test for dose\u2013response, trimester-specific exposures, and factors affecting individual responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwag110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T11:46:35Z","timestamp":1779277595000},"page":"2158-2169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prenatal over-the-counter acetaminophen use and birth outcomes in the ECHO Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8566-599X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katelyn K","family":"Huff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8280-9492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noya","family":"Galai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Haifa , Mt Carmel ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett","family":"Fuselier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guojing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4453-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadley J","family":"Hartwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M","family":"Bulka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5951-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret A","family":"Adgent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5243-4087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akram N","family":"Alshawabkeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5459-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brennan H","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, WA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5290-1375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria M","family":"Talavera-Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avera Research Institute, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center , Sioux Falls, SD ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine , Sioux Falls, SD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0840-1186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Traci A","family":"Bekelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity & Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora, CO ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora, CO ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1824-3356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Whitney","family":"Cowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6522-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe T","family":"Duberstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0608-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy J","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avera Research Institute, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center , Sioux Falls, SD ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine , Sioux Falls, SD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9844-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A","family":"Enquobahrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9551-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akhgar","family":"Ghassabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6398-7362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret R","family":"Karagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8463-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"Kautz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0267-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry M","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence, RI ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence, RI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8501-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy T","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2905-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly S","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8357-5085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John D","family":"Meeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health , Ann Arbor, MI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6598-8457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruby H N","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0151-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigel","family":"Paneth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8552-6850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Perng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity & Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora, CO ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora, CO ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1973-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina A","family":"Porucznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1480-0397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheela","family":"Sathyanarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, WA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington , Seattle, WA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyagriv N","family":"Simhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9564-0614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanna H","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1444-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan L","family":"Woodbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5820-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Ehrhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Haifa , Mt Carmel ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6692-911X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T Michael","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0899-9018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca C","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"for the ECHO Cohort Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2019.09.10","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants: a recent literature review","volume":"9","author":"Hee Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080421270406400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20154343","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4343","article-title":"Neurocognitive and academic outcomes at age 10 years of extremely preterm newborns","volume":"137","author":"Joseph","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080421270406400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.21165","article-title":"Evaluation of birth weight and neurodevelopmental conditions among monozygotic and dizygotic twins","volume":"6","author":"Isaksson","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026080421270406400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.074","article-title":"Preterm birth and risk of heart failure up to early adulthood","volume":"70","author":"Bassareo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080421270406400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0131","article-title":"Association of preterm birth with long-term risk of heart failure into adulthood","volume":"175","author":"Crump","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101570","article-title":"Associations of birth weight and later life lifestyle factors with risk of cardiovascular disease in the USA: A prospective cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080421270406400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01904-w","article-title":"Childhood obesity and adverse cardiometabolic risk in large for gestational age infants and potential early preventive strategies: a narrative review","volume":"92","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080421270406400_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1097","article-title":"Association of intrauterine growth restriction and small for gestational age status with childhood cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Sacchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080421270406400_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(47)80158-1","article-title":"Effects of maternal under nutrition upon the newborn infant in Holland (1944-1945)","volume":"30","author":"Smith","year":"1947","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003491","article-title":"Associations of maternal dietary inflammatory potential and quality with offspring birth outcomes: An individual participant data pooled analysis of 7 European cohorts in the ALPHABET consortium","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07865-y","article-title":"Elevated methylation of the vault RNA2-1 promoter in maternal blood is associated with preterm birth","volume":"22","author":"You","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080421270406400_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005384","article-title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and abnormal birth weight","volume":"142","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107102","article-title":"Prenatal metal(loid) mixtures and birth weight for gestational age: A pooled analysis of three cohorts participating in the ECHO program","volume":"161","author":"Howe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111386","article-title":"Exploring associations between prenatal exposure to multiple endocrine disruptors and birth weight with exposure continuum mapping","volume":"200","author":"Pearce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080421270406400_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16670","article-title":"Early exposure of pregnant women to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs delivered outside hospitals and preterm birth risk: nationwide cohort study","volume":"128","author":"Quantin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080421270406400_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048092","article-title":"Maternal over-the-counter analgesics use during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: cohort study of 151\u2009141 singleton pregnancies","volume":"12","author":"Zafeiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080421270406400_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000537","article-title":"Safety of over-the-counter medications in pregnancy","volume":"44","author":"Stanley","year":"2019","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.100","article-title":"Use of over-the-counter medications during pregnancy","volume":"193","author":"Werler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref19","volume-title":"ACOG Response to Consensus Statement on Paracetamol Use During Pregnancy","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080421270406400_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15510","article-title":"Antenatal and postnatal analgesia: scientific impact paper No. 59","volume":"126","author":"Bisson","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080421270406400_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267270","article-title":"Association between paracetamol use during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: Prospective NISAMI cohort","volume":"17","author":"Castro","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080421270406400_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2022.2020246","article-title":"Effect of acetaminophen use during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Castro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080421270406400_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp151","article-title":"Use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Rebordosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080421270406400_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0726-8","article-title":"Association between maternal acetaminophen use and adverse birth outcomes in a pregnancy and birth cohort","volume":"87","author":"Arneja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.828089","article-title":"Association of prenatal acetaminophen exposure measured in meconium with adverse birth outcomes in a Canadian birth cohort","volume":"10","author":"Baker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-025-01208-0","article-title":"Evaluation of the evidence on acetaminophen use and neurodevelopmental disorders using the Navigation Guide methodology","volume":"24","author":"Prada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080421270406400_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1016\/S3050-5038(25)00211-0","article-title":"Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"D'Antonio","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Obstet Gynaecol Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref28","volume-title":"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA has reviewed possible risks of pain medicine use during pregnancy","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref29","volume-title":"FDA Responds to Evidence of Possible Association Between Autism and Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2012.10.014","article-title":"Acetaminophen and pregnancy: short- and long-term consequences for mother and child","volume":"97","author":"Thiele","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080421270406400_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dvz010","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvz010","article-title":"Acetaminophen use during pregnancy and DNA methylation in the placenta of the extremely low gestational age newborn (ELGAN) cohort","volume":"5","author":"Addo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Epigenet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080421270406400_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90362-M","article-title":"The effect of acetaminophen on prostacyclin production in pregnant women","volume":"168","author":"O'Brien","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080421270406400_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000600","article-title":"Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes, a Research Program of the National Institutes of Health","volume":"30","author":"Gillman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01577-5","article-title":"SPR Perspectives: scientific opportunities in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program","volume":"92","author":"Romano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080421270406400_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01598-0","article-title":"SPR perspectives: Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program: overcoming challenges to generate engaged, multidisciplinary science","volume":"92","author":"LeWinn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"2S","key":"2026080421270406400_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.011","article-title":"The INTERGROWTH-21","volume":"218","author":"Papageorghiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080421270406400_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12595","article-title":"Acetaminophen use in pregnancy: Examining prevalence, timing, and indication of use in a prospective birth cohort","volume":"34","author":"Bandoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026080421270406400_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003386","article-title":"Maternal smoking and preterm birth: An unresolved health challenge","volume":"17","author":"Stock","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026080421270406400_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330500230912","article-title":"Is older maternal age a risk factor for preterm birth and fetal growth restriction? A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Newburn-Cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080421270406400_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051096","article-title":"Effect of neighbourhood income and maternal education on birth outcomes: a population-based study","volume":"174","author":"Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026080421270406400_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.964675","article-title":"Prepregnancy body mass index is an independent risk factor for gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, and small- and large-for-gestational-age infants","volume":"28","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3MR0615-272RR","article-title":"Inflammation and preterm birth","volume":"99","author":"Cappelletti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080421270406400_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108329095","article-title":"Inflammation and pregnancy","volume":"16","author":"Challis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080421270406400_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13304","article-title":"Updated guidance on the reporting of race and ethnicity in medical and science journals","volume":"326","author":"Flanagin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080421270406400_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","article-title":"mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R","volume":"45","author":"Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080421270406400_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0262.00442","article-title":"Efficient estimation of average treatment effects using the Estimated Propensity Score","volume":"71","author":"Hirano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026080421270406400_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1903","article-title":"Stratification and weighting via the propensity score in estimation of causal treatment effects: a comparative study","volume":"23","author":"Lunceford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080421270406400_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1515\/ijb-2012-0030","article-title":"A weighting analogue to pair matching in propensity score analysis","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biostat"},{"issue":"521","key":"2026080421270406400_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2016.1260466","article-title":"Balancing covariates via propensity score weighting","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref50","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080421270406400_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.04.058","article-title":"Risk of autism spectrum disorders in low birth weight and small for gestational age infants","volume":"161","author":"Lampi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080421270406400_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.11.1009","article-title":"Extremely low gestational age and very low birthweight for gestational age are risk factors for autism spectrum disorder in a large cohort study of 10-year-old children born at 23-27 weeks' gestation","volume":"216","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-460","article-title":"Risk factors and obstetric complications of large for gestational age births with adjustments for community effects: results from a new cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Ng","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080421270406400_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx271","article-title":"Childhood health outcomes in term, large-for-gestational-age babies with different postnatal growth patterns","volume":"187","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080421270406400_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4758-0","article-title":"Association between maternal diabetes, being large for gestational age and breast-feeding on being overweight or obese in childhood","volume":"62","author":"Kaul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080421270406400_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1808","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"115","author":"Boney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080421270406400_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02924-4","article-title":"Examining the relationship of acetaminophen use during pregnancy with early language development in children","volume":"95","author":"Woodbury","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy193","article-title":"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) exposure during pregnancy and pubertal development in boys and girls from a nationwide puberty cohort","volume":"188","author":"Ernst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105970","article-title":"Sex-specific neurobehavioral and prefrontal cortex gene expression alterations following developmental acetaminophen exposure in mice","volume":"177","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2316-9007","article-title":"Large for gestational age and adverse outcomes: stratified by diabetes status","volume":"42","author":"Nazeer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.01.033","article-title":"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) use modifies the sulfation of sex hormones","volume":"28","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfaa160","article-title":"Acetaminophen modulates the expression of steroidogenesis-associated genes and estradiol levels in human placental JEG-3 cells","volume":"179","author":"Addo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080421270406400_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.06.019","article-title":"Prenatal acetaminophen affects maternal immune and endocrine adaptation to pregnancy, induces placental damage, and impairs fetal development in mice","volume":"185","author":"Thiele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des367","article-title":"Sex-specific effect of first-trimester maternal progesterone on birthweight","volume":"28","author":"Hartwig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026080421270406400_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.12.002","article-title":"Acetaminophen attenuates invasion and alters the expression of extracellular matrix enzymes and vascular factors in human first trimester trophoblast cells","volume":"104","author":"Burman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvac002","article-title":"Association of prenatal acetaminophen use and acetaminophen metabolites with DNA methylation of newborns: analysis of two consecutive generations of the Isle of Wight birth cohort","volume":"8","author":"Eslamimehr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Epigenet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080421270406400_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2307","article-title":"Effects of exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen on fetal germ cell development in both sexes in rodent and human using multiple experimental systems","volume":"126","author":"Hurtado-Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080421270406400_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57725-0","article-title":"Being born large for gestational age is associated with increased global placental DNA methylation","volume":"10","author":"Dwi Putra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080421270406400_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e226","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00025-7","article-title":"Intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment in the USA: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Moog","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080421270406400_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr292","article-title":"A comparison of self-reported analgesic use and detection of urinary ibuprofen and acetaminophen metabolites by means of metabonomics: the INTERMAP Study","volume":"175","author":"Loo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/aje\/kwag110\/68357581\/kwag110.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/195\/8\/2158\/68357581\/kwag110.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/195\/8\/2158\/68357581\/kwag110.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:27:09Z","timestamp":1785893229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article\/195\/8\/2158\/8689459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwag110","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9262","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-6256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}}}