{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:53:24Z","timestamp":1791298404468,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People who served in the US armed forces\u2014former service members (FSMs)\u2014may be at increased risk of deaths of despair: alcohol-related, drug-related, and suicide deaths. We linked 2014-2021 MA and 2014-2022 MN death certificates for decedents aged 18-64\u00a0years with military personnel files to describe deaths of despair in FSM and nonmilitary populations. We calculated age- and sex-standardized proportionate mortality ratios (PMR) for all FSMs and 3-year rolling average age-standardized mortality rates for FSMs with Active Duty experience. We mapped the geographic distribution of these deaths and describe patterns by service history. Of 176\u2009719 decedents, 9.5% were FSMs. Former service members were more likely to die from a death of despair than nonmilitary populations (PMR [95% CI], MA: 111.9 [107.0-117.0], MN: 106.7 [101.4-112.2]), specifically suicide deaths (MA and MN) and drug-related deaths (MA). Mortality rates displayed similar trends. Former service members\u2019 deaths of despair occurred a median of 20-30\u00a0years after military separation and were most common among those with Coast Guard, Marine, or Army service and Bad Conduct\/Dishonorable or Uncharacterized separations. Former service members have higher burden of deaths of despair than nonmilitary populations with patterns that vary by service history, warranting further investigation into contributing military, individual, and community factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwag233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:26:09Z","timestamp":1789755969000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deaths of despair among former military service members, Massachusetts (2014-2021) and Minnesota (2014-2022)"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2540-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katelyn M","family":"Holliday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University , Durham, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot D","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University , Durham, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather R","family":"Batchelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University , Durham, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley E","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University , Durham, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2544-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Candice Y","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University , Durham, NC ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J","family":"Viera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University , Durham, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Truls","family":"\u00d8stbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University , Durham, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"49","key":"2026100610312464200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15078","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518393112","article-title":"Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white 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