{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:27:10Z","timestamp":1789705630934,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T00:50:47Z","timestamp":1430873447000},"page":"109-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Invited Commentary: Boundless Science\u2014Putting Natural Direct and Indirect Effects in a Clearer Empirical Context: Figure 1."],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Ashley I.","family":"Naimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X8100500502"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177732676"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199203000-00013"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.1.163"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-5573-1-4"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210391076"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv059"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu107"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000001880"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robins JM . Semantics of causal DAG models and the identification of direct and indirect effects. In: Green PJ Hjort NL Richardson S , eds. Highly Structured Stochastic Systems. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2003:70\u201380.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198510550.003.0007"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.11","unstructured":"Richardson TS Robins JM . Single World Intervention Graphs (SWIGs): A Unification of the Counterfactual and Graphical Approaches to Causality. (Technical report no. 128). Seattle, WA: Center for Statistics and the Social Sciences, University of Washington; 2013. http:\/\/www.csss.washington.edu\/Papers\/wp128.pdf. Accessed August 26, 2013."},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000154"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robins J Richardson T . Alternative graphical causal models and the identification of direct effects. In: Keyes KM Ornstein K Shrout PE , eds. Causality and Psychopathology: Finding the Determinants of Disorders and Their Cures. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2011:103\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199754649.003.0011"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31818f69ce"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2007.00949.x"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspi.2009.03.024"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3493"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiba Y Taguri M . Alternative monotonicity assumptions for improving bounds on natural direct effects. Int J Biostat. 2013;9 2:235\u2013249.","DOI":"10.1515\/ijb-2012-0022"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq332"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ . A note on formulae for causal mediation analysis in an odds ratio context. Epidemiol Method. 2014;2 1:21\u201331.","DOI":"10.1515\/em-2012-0005"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi188"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181f2012b"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tchetgen Tchetgen E . Estimation of risk ratios in cohort studies with a common outcome: a simple and efficient two-stage approach. Int J Biostat. 2013;9 2:251\u2013264.","DOI":"10.1515\/ijb-2013-0007"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000054"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.26","unstructured":"Avin C Shpitser I Pearl J . Identifiability of path-specific effects. In: Bacchus F Jaakkola T , eds. Proceedings of the Twenty-First Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. (Technical report R-321). Arlington, VA: AUAI Press; 2005:357\u2013363."},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000034"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.28","unstructured":"Richardson TS Robins JM . Analysis of the binary instrumental variable model. In: Dechter R Geffner H Halpern J , eds. Heuristics, Probability and Causality: A Tribute to Judea Pearl. London, United Kingdom: College Publications; 2010:415\u2013444."},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000081989.82616.7d"},{"key":"2015070708285488000_182.2.109.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.12.001"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/182\/2\/109\/217595\/kwv060.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T20:44:40Z","timestamp":1717879480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/aje\/kwv060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/aje\/kwv060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwv060","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9262","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-6256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]]}}}