{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:16:29Z","timestamp":1773800189040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Center for Effectiveness and Safety Research (CESR)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T23:07:23Z","timestamp":1480633643000},"page":"264-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Risk of Breast Cancer With Long-Term Use of Calcium Channel Blockers or Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Among Older Women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Marsha A.","family":"Raebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Craig","family":"Cheetham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather Spencer","family":"Feigelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikki M.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Goddard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather M.","family":"Tavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise M.","family":"Boudreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Shetterly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-010-9590-x","article-title":"Hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, and breast cancer risk in the California Teachers Study cohort","volume":"21","author":"Largent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"9026","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04277-8","article-title":"Calcium-channel blockade and incidence of cancer in aged populations","volume":"348","author":"Pahor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19971015)80:8<1438::AID-CNCR11>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Use of calcium channel blockers and breast carcinoma risk in postmenopausal women","volume":"80","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-005-9091-x","article-title":"A cohort study of antihypertensive medication use and breast cancer among Danish women","volume":"97","author":"Fryzek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1002075","article-title":"Hypertension, diuretics and breast cancer risk","volume":"20","author":"Largent","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981101)83:9<2003::AID-CNCR17>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers, cancer incidence, and cancer mortality in a cohort of US women: the Nurses\u2019 Health Study","volume":"83","author":"Michels","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.3.349","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers, and breast cancer","volume":"160","author":"Meier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11663","article-title":"Relation between use of antihypertensive medications and risk of breast carcinoma among women ages 65\u201379 years","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"17","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9071","article-title":"Use of antihypertensive medications and breast cancer risk among women aged 55 to 74 years","volume":"173","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"9123","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03228-0","article-title":"Do inhibitors of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme protect against risk of cancer","volume":"352","author":"Lever","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-012-0122-8","article-title":"Use of antihypertensive medications and breast cancer risk","volume":"24","author":"Saltzman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"17","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9069","article-title":"Calcium-channel blockers and breast cancer: a hypothesis revived","volume":"173","author":"Coogan","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C13","volume-title":"United States Cancer Statistics: 1999\u20132012 Incidence and Mortality Web-Based Report","author":"US Cancer Statistics Working Group","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C14","author":"Stone","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.04.015","article-title":"Defining menopausal status in epidemiologic studies: a comparison of multiple approaches and their effects on breast cancer rates","volume":"67","author":"Phipps","year":"2010","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119959946.ch12","volume-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology","author":"Andrade","year":"2012","edition":"5th ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C17","first-page":"1049","article-title":"The HMO research network virtual data warehouse: a public data model to support collaboration","volume":"2","author":"Ross","year":"2014","journal-title":"EGEMs (Wash DC)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C18","author":"National Cancer Institute Cancer Research Network.","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C19","author":"North American Association of Central Cancer Registries.","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318277eb6f","article-title":"Validating billing\/encounter codes as indicators of lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer recurrence using 2 large contemporary cohorts","volume":"52","author":"Hassett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2012.09.008","article-title":"Patterns and predictors of first-line chemotherapy use among adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the Cancer Research Network","volume":"78","author":"Ritzwoller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000127","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of adjunctive bevacizumab for advanced lung cancer: the Cancer Research Network experience","volume":"9","author":"Ritzwoller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31824def85","article-title":"Validation of electronic data on chemotherapy and hormone therapy use in HMOs","volume":"51","author":"Ritzwoller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C24","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Fasting glucose is a risk factor for breast cancer: a prospective study","volume":"11","author":"Muti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008966623901","article-title":"Markers of insulin resistance and sex steroid hormone activity in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis of abdominal adiposity, sebum production, and hirsutism (Italy)","volume":"11","author":"Muti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801998","article-title":"Upper abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and breast cancer risk","volume":"26","author":"Stoll","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"16","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.007336","article-title":"Use of angiotensin receptor blockers and the risk of cancer","volume":"123","author":"Pasternak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2697","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e2697","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of cancer: cohort study among people receiving antihypertensive drugs in UK General Practice Research Database","volume":"344","author":"Bhaskaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C29","volume-title":"Applied Survival Analysis: Regression Modeling of Time-to-Event Data","author":"Hosmer","year":"1999","edition":"1st ed"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C30","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Survival Analysis Using SAS: A Practical Guide","author":"Allison","year":"2010","edition":"2nd ed"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.910","article-title":"Breast cancer incidence and use of antihypertensive medication in women","volume":"13","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-015-3311-9","article-title":"Antihypertensive medication use and incident breast cancer in women","volume":"150","author":"Devore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"13","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.13.1000","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers and the risk of cancer","volume":"279","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-007-9135-0","article-title":"Medication use and the risk of breast cancer","volume":"22","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1656","article-title":"Long-term use of antihypertensive drugs and risk of cancer","volume":"17","author":"Assimes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-015-0035-1","article-title":"Long-term use of antihypertensive agents and risk of breast cancer: a population-based case-control study","volume":"4","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-014-2870-5","article-title":"Comparative safety of cardiovascular medication use and breast cancer outcomes among women with early stage breast cancer","volume":"144","author":"Boudreau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142014 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"129","author":"Go","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C39","first-page":"713","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers and cancer: is an association biologically plausible","volume":"9","author":"Daling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00447-7","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers, apoptosis and cancer: is there a biologic relationship","volume":"34","author":"Mason","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm324","article-title":"Immortal time bias in pharmaco-epidemiology","volume":"167","author":"Suissa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b5087","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b5087","article-title":"Problem of immortal time bias in cohort studies: example using statins for preventing progression of diabetes","volume":"340","author":"Levesque","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3364-z","article-title":"Observational studies of the association between glucose-lowering medications and cardiovascular outcomes: addressing methodological limitations","volume":"57","author":"Patorno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313121522_kww217C44","volume-title":"Menopause: Time for a Change","author":"American Society for Reproductive Medicine; National Institute on Aging","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/185\/4\/264\/24329532\/kww217.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T12:16:56Z","timestamp":1520943416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article\/185\/4\/264\/2964725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kww217","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9262","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-6256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]}}}