{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:33:44Z","timestamp":1790048024416,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T08:25:16Z","timestamp":1485764716000},"page":"1327-1339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Transmission of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Households and the Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0954-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"},{"name":"Institute of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Mupere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Uganda\u2013Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Tuberculosis Research Unit, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Kizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Centre for International Health and the Otago International Health Research Network, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Whalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"},{"name":"Institute of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00078708","article-title":"An ecological analysis of incidence of tuberculosis and per capita gross domestic product","volume":"32","author":"Janssens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047533","article-title":"Tuberculosis and poverty: why are the poor at greater risk in India","volume":"7","author":"Oxlade","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9144","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03199-7","article-title":"Prospects for worldwide tuberculosis control under the WHO DOTS strategy. Directly observed short-course therapy","volume":"352","author":"Dye","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9829","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60727-2","article-title":"Scaling up interventions to achieve global tuberculosis control: progress and new developments","volume":"379","author":"Raviglione","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0806","article-title":"Active tuberculosis case finding: why, when and how?","volume":"17","author":"Borgdorff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu506","article-title":"Transforming the fight against tuberculosis: targeting catalysts of transmission","volume":"59","author":"Dowdy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9728","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60483-7","article-title":"Tuberculosis control and elimination 2010\u201350: cure, care, and social development","volume":"375","author":"L\u00f6nnroth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1086\/501022","article-title":"Failure of directly observed treatment for tuberculosis in Africa: a call for new approaches","volume":"42","author":"Whalen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.4587","article-title":"Tuberculosis control has failed in South Africa\u2014time to reappraise strategy","volume":"101","author":"Wood","year":"2011","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.11.1066","article-title":"Investigation of environmental and host-related risk factors for tuberculosis in Africa. I. Methodological aspects of a combined design","volume":"155","author":"Lienhardt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-1941OC","article-title":"Community-based targeted case finding for tuberculosis and HIV in household contacts of patients with tuberculosis in South Africa","volume":"185","author":"Shapiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9404","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15332-9","article-title":"Proportion of tuberculosis transmission that takes place in households in a high-incidence area","volume":"363","author":"Verver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-386.x","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in rural Africa","volume":"2","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C14","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Case finding in children in contact with adults in the house with TB","volume":"7","author":"Beyers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16137","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016137","article-title":"Secondary attack rate of tuberculosis in urban households in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"6","author":"Whalen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0132840","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132840","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing shows a low proportion of tuberculosis disease is attributable to known close contacts in rural Malawi","volume":"10","author":"Glynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu403","article-title":"Transmission of tuberculosis in a South African community with a high prevalence of HIV infection","volume":"211","author":"Middelkoop","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1205.050789","article-title":"Tuberculosis transmission attributable to close contacts and HIV status, Malawi","volume":"12","author":"Crampin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12 suppl 3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C19","first-page":"S333","article-title":"Contacts of tuberculosis patients in high-incidence countries","volume":"7","author":"Rieder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C20","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Guidelines for conducting tuberculin skin test surveys in high-prevalence countries","volume":"15","author":"Rieder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr058","article-title":"The incubation period distribution of tuberculosis estimated with a molecular epidemiological approach","volume":"40","author":"Borgdorff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.3.247","article-title":"Lifetime risks, incubation period, and serial interval of tuberculosis","volume":"152","author":"Vynnycky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.76.1.14","article-title":"How much tuberculosis in children must we accept","volume":"76","author":"Bloch","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"8911","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92588-7","article-title":"Childhood tuberculosis in the Bronx, New York","volume":"343","author":"Drucker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8947","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90401-8","article-title":"Community infection ratio as an indicator for tuberculosis control","volume":"345","author":"Madico","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70071-9","article-title":"Tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection in close contacts of people with pulmonary tuberculosis in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Morrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00070812","article-title":"Contact investigation for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Fox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit643","article-title":"Yield of contact investigations in households of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0119822","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119822","article-title":"Comparative meta-analysis of tuberculosis contact investigation interventions in eleven high burden countries","volume":"10","author":"Blok","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.5.954","article-title":"How contagious is tuberculosis","volume":"23","author":"Sepkowitz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403887","article-title":"Issues in the management of contacts of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"88","author":"Menzies","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"issue":"10010","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00321-9","article-title":"Data for action: collection and use of local data to end tuberculosis","volume":"386","author":"Theron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C33","first-page":"282","article-title":"Additional risk of developing TB for household members with a TB case at home at intake: a 15-year study","volume":"11","author":"Radhakrishna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201406-1165OC","article-title":"Optimizing the detection of recent tuberculosis infection in children in a high tuberculosis-HIV burden setting","volume":"191","author":"Mandalakas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C35","first-page":"260","article-title":"Active case-finding\u2014for the whole community or for tuberculosis contacts only","volume":"72","author":"Gilpin","year":"1987","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.15","article-title":"Use and misuse of population attributable fractions","volume":"88","author":"Rockhill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C39","volume-title":"Epidemiologic Research","author":"Kleinbaum","year":"1982"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh276","article-title":"Interval estimation by simulation as an alternative to and extension of confidence intervals","volume":"33","author":"Greenland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2380","article-title":"A modified test for small-study effects in meta-analyses of controlled trials with binary endpoints","volume":"25","author":"Harbord","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200111000-00011","article-title":"Use of purified protein derivative to assess the risk of infection in children in close contact with adults with tuberculosis in a population with high Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin bacillus coverage","volume":"20","author":"Almeida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.36.7.723","article-title":"Infectiousness of the \u201cclosed case\u201d in tuberculosis","volume":"36","author":"Blahd","year":"1946","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Nations Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1796","article-title":"Association between passive smoking and infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children","volume":"119","author":"den Boon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.04.007","article-title":"Comparison of a whole blood interferon-gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing for the detection of tuberculosis infection in hospitalized children in rural India","volume":"54","author":"Dogra","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"3682","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3682.183","article-title":"The incidence of tuberculous infection and its relation to contagion in children under 15","volume":"2","author":"Dow","year":"1931","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000259987.46912.2b","article-title":"Risk factors for positive tuberculin skin test in Guinea-Bissau","volume":"18","author":"Gustafson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000068","article-title":"Surprisingly high specificity of the PPD skin test for M. tuberculosis infection from recent exposure in The Gambia","volume":"1","author":"Hill","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C49","first-page":"843","article-title":"Risk factors for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from HIV-infected tuberculosis patients, Botswana","volume":"6","author":"Kenyon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200212-1483OC","article-title":"Risk factors for tuberculosis infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a contact study in The Gambia","volume":"168","author":"Lienhardt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.051606","article-title":"Risk for tuberculosis among children","volume":"12","author":"Nakaoka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C52","first-page":"639","article-title":"Distribution of tuberculous infection and disease among households in a rural community","volume":"34","author":"Narain","year":"1966","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C53","first-page":"459","article-title":"Tuberculosis in tropical Africa. An epidemiological study","volume":"30","author":"Roelsgaard","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0491","article-title":"QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay vs. tuberculin skin test in Indonesian children living with a tuberculosis case","volume":"16","author":"Rutherford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"27","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.5.27.191","article-title":"Human contagion and tuberculous infection in childhood","volume":"5","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1930","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C56","first-page":"724","article-title":"Infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to sputum status","volume":"69","author":"Shaw","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am Rev Tuberc"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0114","article-title":"Tuberculin survey in Bangladesh, 2007\u20132009: prevalence of tuberculous infection and implications for TB control","volume":"17","author":"Hossain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.721","article-title":"Low prevalence and increased household clustering of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in high altitude villages in Peru","volume":"68","author":"Olender","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a118191","article-title":"The spread of tuberculosis in families","volume":"22","author":"McPhedran","year":"1935","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C60","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2012"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C61","first-page":"1","article-title":"A study of tuberculous infection and mortality in the children of tuberculous households","volume":"31","author":"Brailey","year":"1940","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0200","article-title":"First national tuberculin survey in Viet Nam: characteristics and association with tuberculosis prevalence","volume":"17","author":"Hoa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C63","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Guidance for National Tuberculosis Programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children. Chapter 1: introduction and diagnosis of tuberculosis in children","volume":"10","author":"Stop TB Partnership Childhood TB Subgroup World Health Organization","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121593","article-title":"The prognosis of a positive tuberculin reaction in childhood and adolescence","volume":"99","author":"Comstock","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.23.5.426","article-title":"Risk of persons in familial contact with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"23","author":"Frost","year":"1933","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Nations Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C66","first-page":"392","article-title":"The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era","volume":"8","author":"Marais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201310-1896OC","article-title":"Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin and isoniazid preventive therapy protect contacts of patients with tuberculosis","volume":"189","author":"Zelner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001105","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001105","article-title":"Closing the policy-practice gap in the management of child contacts of tuberculosis cases in developing countries","volume":"8","author":"Hill","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00360-5","article-title":"Is meta-analysis a valid approach to the evaluation of small effects in observational studies","volume":"50","author":"Shapiro","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180313122619_kwx025C70","first-page":"460","article-title":"Targets for global tuberculosis control","volume":"10","author":"Dye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/185\/12\/1327\/24329635\/kwx025.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T23:01:50Z","timestamp":1568761310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article\/185\/12\/1327\/3811172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwx025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9262","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-6256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]}}}