{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:33:44Z","timestamp":1790048024567,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/about_us\/legal\/notices"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-AI95383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-AI95383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN266200700022C\/N01-AI70022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN266200700022C\/N01-AI70022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T15:15:51Z","timestamp":1513696551000},"page":"1477-1489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Resistance and Susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Disease in Tuberculosis Households in Kampala, Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9763-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M","family":"Stein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Zalwango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kampala Department of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaShaunda L","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Mupere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, and Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Nsereko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Okware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Kisingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina L","family":"Lancioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles M","family":"Bark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C","family":"Whalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses L","family":"Joloba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W Henry","family":"Boom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Mayanja-Kizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, and Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.677","article-title":"Consensus statement. Global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country. WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project","volume":"282","author":"Dye","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9871","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60177-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of MVA85A, a new tuberculosis vaccine, in infants previously vaccinated with BCG: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial","volume":"381","author":"Tameris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg227","article-title":"Tuberculosis in household contacts of infectious cases in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"158","author":"Guwatudde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70164-X","article-title":"Tuberculosis case-contact research in endemic tropical settings: design, conduct, and relevance to other infectious diseases","volume":"10","author":"Hill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201406-1159OC","article-title":"Risk of tuberculosis after recent exposure. A 10-year follow-up study of contacts in Amsterdam","volume":"190","author":"Sloot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001843","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001843","article-title":"Transmission of multidrug-resistant and drug-susceptible tuberculosis within households: a prospective cohort Study","volume":"12","author":"Grandjean","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16137","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016137","article-title":"Secondary attack rate of tuberculosis in urban households in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"6","author":"Whalen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C8","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C9","first-page":"799","article-title":"Burden of tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"81","author":"Guwatudde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-484","article-title":"Long-term dominance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Uganda family in peri-urban Kampala-Uganda is not associated with cavitary disease","volume":"13","author":"Wampande","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70108-1","article-title":"Global phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and implications for tuberculosis product development","volume":"7","author":"Gagneux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3704","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 comprises globally distributed and geographically restricted sublineages","volume":"48","author":"Stucki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee","volume":"854","year":"1995","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"issue":"7612","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39238.399444.55","article-title":"Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey","volume":"335","author":"Cole","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0027","article-title":"Well-quantified tuberculosis exposure is a reliable surrogate measure of tuberculosis infection","volume":"16","author":"Mandalakas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-352","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of individuals resistant to M. tuberculosis infection in a longitudinal TB household contact study in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.16141","article-title":"Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. This statement was endorsed by the Council of the Infectious Disease Society of America, September 1999","volume":"161","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C18","first-page":"517","article-title":"A controlled study of the influence of segregation of tuberculous patients for one year on the attack rate of tuberculosis in a 5-year period in close family contacts in South India","volume":"34","author":"Kamat","year":"1966","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C19","first-page":"S221","article-title":"Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. This is a Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This statement was endorsed by the Council of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. (IDSA), September 1999, and the sections of this Statement as it relates to infants and children were endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), August 1999","volume":"161","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9801120","article-title":"Interpretation of repeated tuberculin tests. Boosting, conversion, and reversion","volume":"159","author":"Menzies","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit645","article-title":"Contact investigation for active tuberculosis among child contacts in Uganda","volume":"57","author":"Jaganath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2013.00061","article-title":"The household contact study design for genetic epidemiological studies of infectious diseases","volume":"4","author":"Stein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201511-2146OC","article-title":"Infectiousness of HIV-seropositive patients with tuberculosis in a high-burden African setting","volume":"194","author":"Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C24","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Tuberculin skin test size and risk of tuberculosis development: a large population-based study in contacts","volume":"11","author":"Mor\u00e1n-Mendoza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69730","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069730","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis among household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a peri-urban population of South Delhi, India","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2012.04.007","article-title":"Lean tissue mass wasting is associated with increased risk of mortality among women with pulmonary tuberculosis in urban Uganda","volume":"22","author":"Mupere","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1050","article-title":"Low nutrient intake among adult women and patients with severe tuberculosis disease in Uganda: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Mupere","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.11.001","article-title":"Body composition among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Uganda","volume":"20","author":"Mupere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.77","article-title":"Polymorphisms in TICAM2 and IL1B are associated with TB","volume":"16","author":"Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"12","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004094","article-title":"Genome scan of M. tuberculosis infection and disease in Ugandans","volume":"3","author":"Stein","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0553","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immune responses during acute M. tuberculosis infection in adult household contacts in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"86","author":"Mahan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v85i9.117085","article-title":"Low sensitivity of T-cell based detection of tuberculosis among HIV co-infected Tanzanian in-patients","volume":"85","author":"Seshadri","year":"2008","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C33","first-page":"732","article-title":"The spectrum of disease in children treated for tuberculosis in a highly endemic area","volume":"10","author":"Marais","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180702045803_kwx380C34","first-page":"392","article-title":"The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era","volume":"8","author":"Marais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/187\/7\/1477\/25076718\/kwx380.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T03:57:12Z","timestamp":1570507032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article\/187\/7\/1477\/4786120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwx380","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.732403348.793565346","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.732403348.793546144","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9262","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-6256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]]}}}