{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:28:58Z","timestamp":1792499338099,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/about_us\/legal\/notices"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000015","name":"Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["010271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000015","name":"Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["017435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["017435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Sant\u00e9 (FRQS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"FRQS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]],"date-time":"2018-03-02T07:09:33Z","timestamp":1519974573000},"page":"1670-1677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sex Differences in Attaining Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Dependence Milestones Among Novice Smokers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Marie-Pierre","family":"Sylvestre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Chagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Wellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika N","family":"Dugas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"O\u2019Loughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C1","author":"Gutterman"},{"issue":"9799","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60781-2","article-title":"Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"378","author":"Huxley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200706-079SD","article-title":"Tobacco use, women, gender, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: are the connections being adequately made?","volume":"4","author":"Greaves","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200706-082SD","article-title":"Understanding the biological differences in susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease between men and women","volume":"4","author":"Sin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-95","article-title":"Light smoking at base-line predicts a higher mortality risk to women than to men; evidence from a cohort with long follow-up","volume":"14","author":"Hurley","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"16","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270492","article-title":"Nicotine and the adolescent brain","volume":"593","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23878","article-title":"Sex-dependent effects of nicotine on the developing brain","volume":"95","author":"Cross","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000033","article-title":"Sex differences in resting state brain function of cigarette smokers and links to nicotine dependence","volume":"23","author":"Beltz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu249","article-title":"Systematic and meta-analytic review of research examining the impact of menstrual cycle phase and ovarian hormones on smoking and cessation","volume":"17","author":"Weinberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C10","author":"Miech","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C11","author":"US Department of Health Human Services","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051235","article-title":"Milestones in the natural course of onset of cigarette use among adolescents","volume":"175","author":"Gervais","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0238","article-title":"Early course of nicotine dependence in adolescent smokers","volume":"125","author":"Doubeni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts031","article-title":"The natural course of nicotine dependence symptoms among adolescent smokers","volume":"14","author":"Zhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12619","article-title":"Reciprocal associations between cigarette consumption and DSM\u2010IV nicotine dependence criteria in adolescent smokers","volume":"109","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.11.3.228","article-title":"Development of symptoms of tobacco dependence in youths: 30 month follow up data from the DANDY study","volume":"11","author":"DiFranza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2007.12.002","article-title":"Diminished autonomy over tobacco can appear with the first cigarettes","volume":"33","author":"Scragg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.7.704","article-title":"Symptoms of tobacco dependence after brief intermittent use: the Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth-2 Study","volume":"161","author":"DiFranza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.011","article-title":"On the development of nicotine dependence in adolescence","volume":"91","author":"Kandel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C20","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2015","edition":"2nd ed"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu135","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study","volume":"44","author":"O\u2019Loughlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C22","first-page":"523","article-title":"The Qu\u00e9bec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey: design and methods of a cardiovascular risk factor survey for youth","volume":"19","author":"Paradis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055401000235","article-title":"Analyzing incomplete political science data: an alternative algorithm for multiple imputation","volume":"95","author":"King","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Polit Sci Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i07","article-title":"Amelia II: a program for missing data","volume":"45","author":"Honaker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.2.176","article-title":"Causal knowledge as a prerequisite for confounding evaluation: an application to birth defects epidemiology","volume":"155","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181a819a1","article-title":"Overadjustment bias and unnecessary adjustment in epidemiologic studies","volume":"20","author":"Schisterman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780081009","article-title":"Survival analysis in natural history studies of disease","volume":"8","author":"Cnaan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/69.1.239","article-title":"Partial residuals for the proportional hazards regression model","volume":"69","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0130-6","article-title":"Mechanisms and mediation in survival analysis: towards an integrated analytical framework","volume":"16","author":"Pratschke","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31821db37e","article-title":"Causal mediation analysis with survival data","volume":"22","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31821db503","article-title":"Causal interactions in the proportional hazards model","volume":"22","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000117","article-title":"The effects of smoked nicotine on measures of subjective states and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones in women during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle","volume":"9","author":"Goletiani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(86)90044-6","article-title":"The influence of estrogen on nigrostriatal dopamine activity: behavioral and neurochemical evidence for both pre-and postsynaptic components","volume":"19","author":"Becker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.01.029","article-title":"Individual differences in psychostimulant responses of female rats are associated with ovarian hormones and dopamine neuroanatomy","volume":"62","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1578","article-title":"Is there a common molecular pathway for addiction?","volume":"8","author":"Nestler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2010.01965.x","article-title":"Androgen decreases dopamine neurone survival in rat midbrain","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2010.01964.x","article-title":"Oestrogen receptors enhance dopamine neurone survival in rat midbrain","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.03.033","article-title":"Nicotine withdrawal and craving in adolescents: effects of sex and hormonal contraceptive use","volume":"34","author":"Dickmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03496.x","article-title":"Examining gender differences in emerging tobacco use using the Adolescents\u2019 Need for Smoking Scale","volume":"106","author":"Richardson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1159\/000334410","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Autonomy over Tobacco Scale in German","volume":"18","author":"Wellman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-014-0114-2","article-title":"Gender, smoking and tobacco reduction and cessation: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Bottorff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S153","DOI":"10.1080\/14622299050011991","article-title":"Individual differences in smoking: gender and nicotine addiction","volume":"1","author":"Shiffman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110100792","article-title":"Can tobacco control be transformative? Reducing gender inequity and tobacco use among vulnerable populations","volume":"11","author":"Greaves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-015-0040-4","article-title":"Update of adolescent smoking cessation interventions: 2009\u20132014","volume":"2","author":"Simon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2326-9","article-title":"An evaluation study of a gender-specific smoking cessation program to help Hong Kong Chinese women quit smoking","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558405274891","article-title":"The impact of Not On Tobacco on teen smoking cessation: end-of-program evaluation results, 1998\u20132003","volume":"20","author":"Horn","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Adolesc Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq481","article-title":"Bias due to left truncation and left censoring in longitudinal studies of developmental and disease processes","volume":"173","author":"Cain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-8-14","article-title":"Better science with sex and gender: facilitating the use of a sex and gender-based analysis in health research","volume":"8","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.05.033","article-title":"Beyond a catalogue of differences: a theoretical frame and good practice guidelines for researching sex\/gender in human health","volume":"74","author":"Springer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/1617-9625-9-S1-S1","article-title":"Epidemiology of menthol cigarette use in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Caraballo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.01.019","article-title":"Role of mentholated cigarettes in increased nicotine dependence and greater risk of tobacco-attributable disease","volume":"38","author":"Garten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-014-0410-6","article-title":"Smoking intensity and intent to continue smoking among menthol and non-menthol adolescent smokers in Canada","volume":"25","author":"Azagba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.1.33","article-title":"Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement","volume":"111","author":"Baker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu150","article-title":"Sex differences in acute relief of abstinence-induced withdrawal and negative affect due to nicotine content in cigarettes","volume":"17","author":"Perkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200802412929","article-title":"Gender effects on mood and cigarette craving during early abstinence and resumption of smoking","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-013-0003-6","article-title":"Women and smoking: the effect of gender on the epidemiology, health effects, and cessation of smoking","volume":"1","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2003.09.016","article-title":"Effects of nicotine on elevated plus maze and locomotor activity in male and female adolescent and adult rats","volume":"77","author":"Elliott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29673-7","article-title":"Influence of gender and sex hormones on nicotine acute pharmacological effects in mice","volume":"296","author":"Damaj","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180801054102_kwy045C59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2010.04.010","article-title":"Locomotor and stress responses to nicotine differ in adolescent and adult rats","volume":"96","author":"Cao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article-pdf\/187\/8\/1670\/25369131\/kwy045.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T03:56:04Z","timestamp":1751428564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aje\/article\/187\/8\/1670\/4924569"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwy045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9262","1476-6256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9262","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-6256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]}}}