{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:57:48Z","timestamp":1774544268678,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K07CA166143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K07CA166143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR000143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR000143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early puberty is associated with adverse health outcomes, but little is known regarding early-life determinants influencing pubertal timing. We examined the associations between maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and the timing of the onset of breast development (thelarche) and pubic hair development (pubarche) in a cohort of 2,070 girls born in a Kaiser Permanente Northern California facility between 2005 and 2006. Using Weibull regression models accommodating interval censoring and adjusting for important confounders, we found that excess GWG was associated with increased risk of early thelarche (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26, 1.78) and early pubarche (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.66). Inadequate GWG was associated with early thelarche (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.71). The associations between excess or inadequate GWG and risk of earlier thelarche were stronger if mothers were obese before or at the beginning of pregnancy (body mass index \u226530 kg body weight per m height squared) (HR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.53, 2.63; HR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.98, respectively). Similar associations were found for pubarche outcome. Inclusion of girls\u2019 prepubertal body mass index slightly attenuated these associations, but they remained significant. Monitoring of maternal weight before and throughout pregnancy might help prevent early pubertal onset and subsequent negative health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T20:12:11Z","timestamp":1552335131000},"page":"1262-1269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Associations of Maternal Gestational Weight Gain and Obesity With the Timing of Pubertal Onset in Daughters"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Aghaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecile A","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julianna","family":"Deardorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assiamira","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise C","family":"Greenspan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Charles P","family":"Quesenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence H","family":"Kushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2019070110025021400_kwz068C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3773","article-title":"Onset of breast development in a longitudinal cohort","volume":"132","author":"Biro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2019070110025021400_kwz068C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S218","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1813G","article-title":"Public health implications of altered puberty timing","volume":"121","author":"Golub","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019070110025021400_kwz068C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20153231","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3231","article-title":"Age at onset of puberty and adolescent depression: \u201cChildren of 1997\u201d birth cohort","volume":"137","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2019070110025021400_kwz068C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.17.050196.000403","article-title":"Epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer","volume":"17","author":"Kelsey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070110025021400_kwz068C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25050","article-title":"Reproductive risk factors and endometrial cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition","volume":"127","author":"Dossus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"2019070110025021400_kwz068C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009504","article-title":"Menstrual cycle characteristics and history of ovulatory infertility in relation to breast cancer risk in a large cohort of US women","volume":"147","author":"Garland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019070110025021400_kwz068C7","first-page":"783","article-title":"Menstrual factors in relation to breast cancer risk","volume":"7","author":"Titus-Ernstoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070110025021400_kwz068C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2006.10.002","article-title":"Has age at menarche changed? 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