{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:06:46Z","timestamp":1785928006391,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Investigator Initiated Research Award from Pfizer, Inc.","award":["6096A1-4013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6096A1-4013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD004011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD004011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI112768-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI112768-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Culture-based methods for detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx lack sensitivity. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance of culture and molecular methods in detecting pneumococcus in the nasopharynx of healthy individuals and to evaluate the associations of age and colonization density with detection. Between 2010 and 2012, nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from healthy individuals living on Navajo Nation and White Mountain Apache Tribal lands in the United States. Pneumococci were detected by means of broth-enrichment culture and autolysin-encoding gene (lytA) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Among 982 persons evaluated (median age, 18.7 years; 47% male), 35% were culture-positive and an additional 27% were qPCR-positive. Agreement between culture and qPCR was 70.9% but was higher among children (age &amp;lt;18 years) (75.9%\u201384.4%) than among adults (age \u226518 years) (61.0%\u201374.6%). The mean density of colonization was lower for culture-negative samples (3.14 log10 copies\/mL) than for culture-positive samples (5.02 log10 copies\/mL), overall and for all age groups. The percent culture-positive increased with increasing density, exceeding 80% at densities of \u226510,000 copies\/mL. Mean colonization density decreased with age. Use of qPCR improved detection of pneumococcus in the nasopharynx of healthy individuals. This finding was most notable among adults, probably because of improved detection of low-density colonization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T15:26:48Z","timestamp":1567006008000},"page":"2110-2119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Association of Laboratory Methods, Colonization Density, and Age With Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Nasopharynx"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Catherine G","family":"Sutcliffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay R","family":"Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Cloessner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith P","family":"Klugman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge E","family":"Vidal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janene","family":"Colelay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C","family":"Weatherholtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sopio","family":"Chochua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathuram","family":"Santosham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine L","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura L","family":"Hammitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9693","key":"2020022404093598800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61204-6","article-title":"Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates","volume":"374","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020022404093598800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e744","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30247-X","article-title":"Burden of 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