{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T15:32:04Z","timestamp":1785943924544,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"CDC\u2019s Emerging Infections Program","award":["U50CK000482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50CK000482"]}]},{"name":"CDC\u2019s Emerging Infections Program","award":["U50CK000488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50CK000488"]}]},{"name":"CDC\u2019s Emerging Infections Program","award":["U50CK000486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50CK000486"]}]},{"name":"CDC\u2019s Emerging Infections Program","award":["U50CK000484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50CK000484"]}]},{"name":"CDC\u2019s Emerging Infections Program","award":["U50CK000491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50CK000491"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Before 2016, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was recommended on a 3-dose schedule. However, many vaccine-eligible US females received fewer than 3 doses, which provided an opportunity to evaluate the real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 1, 2, and 3 doses. We analyzed data on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2\u20133 and adenocarcinoma in situ (designated CIN2+) from the HPV Vaccine Impact Monitoring Project (HPV-IMPACT; 2008\u20132014). Archived tissue from CIN2+ lesions was tested for 37 types of HPV. Women were classified by number of doses received \u226524 months before CIN2+ detection. Using a test-negative design, VE was estimated as 1 minus the adjusted odds ratio from a logistic regression model that compared vaccination history for women whose lesions tested positive for HPV-16\/18 (vaccine-type cases) with that for women who had all other CIN2+ lesions (controls). Among 3,300 women with available data on CIN2+, typing results, and vaccine history, 1,561 (47%) were HPV-16\/18\u2013positive, 136 (4%) received 1 dose of HPV vaccine, 108 (3%) received 2 doses, and 325 (10%) received 3 doses. Adjusted odds ratios for vaccination with 1, 2, and 3 doses were 0.53 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37, 0.76; VE\u00a0=\u00a047%), 0.45 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.69; VE\u00a0=\u00a055%), and 0.26 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.35; VE\u00a0=\u00a074%), respectively. We found significant VE against vaccine-type CIN2+ after 3 doses of HPV vaccine and lower but significant VE with 1 or 2 doses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T07:12:34Z","timestamp":1571814754000},"page":"265-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Effectiveness of 1, 2, and 3 Doses of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Against High-Grade Cervical Lesions Positive for Human Papillomavirus 16 or 18"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Michelle L","family":"Johnson Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Warner","family":"Gargano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Powell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Department of Human Services, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina U","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M","family":"Niccolai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases and Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy M","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community Health and Prevention, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie R","family":"Griffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troy","family":"Querec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R","family":"Unger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauri E","family":"Markowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the HPV-IMPACT Working Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2020060510001660700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70096-8","article-title":"A review of human carcinogens\u2014part B: biological agents","volume":"10","author":"Bouvard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"2020060510001660700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.083","article-title":"The biology and life-cycle of human 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