{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:27:56Z","timestamp":1792218476388,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed whether early childhood and adulthood experiences of neighborhood privilege, measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), were associated with preterm delivery and related racial\/ethnic disparities using intergenerationally linked birth records of 379,794 California-born primiparous mothers (born 1982\u20131997) and their infants (born 1997\u20132011). ICE measures during early childhood and adulthood approximated racial\/ethnic and economic dimensions of neighborhood privilege and disadvantage separately (ICE-income, ICE-race\/ethnicity) and in combination (ICE\u2013income + race\/ethnicity). Results of our generalized estimating equation models with robust standard errors showed associations for ICE-income and ICE\u2013income + race\/ethnicity. For example, ICE\u2013income + race\/ethnicity was associated with preterm delivery in both early childhood (relative risk (RR)\u00a0=\u00a01.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.17) and adulthood (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.07, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.11). Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women had higher risk of preterm delivery than white women (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.32, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.37; and RR\u00a0=\u00a01.11, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.14, respectively, adjusting for individual-level confounders). Adjustment for ICE\u2013income + race\/ethnicity at both time periods yielded the greatest declines in disparities (for non-Hispanic black women, RR\u00a0=\u00a01.23, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.28; for Hispanic women, RR\u00a0=\u00a01.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.09). Findings support independent effects of early childhood and adulthood neighborhood privilege on preterm delivery and related disparities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T20:10:08Z","timestamp":1576267808000},"page":"412-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Neighborhood Privilege, Preterm Delivery, and Related Racial\/Ethnic Disparities: An Intergenerational Application of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Bina Patel","family":"Shrimali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Pearl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Karasek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Abrams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahasin","family":"Mujahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020062403135770700_ref1","volume-title":"Births: Final Data for 2015","author":"Martin","year":"2017"},{"key":"2020062403135770700_ref2","volume-title":"Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes","year":"2007"},{"key":"2020062403135770700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.02.014","article-title":"Association of neighborhood context with offspring risk of preterm birth and low birthweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies","volume":"153","author":"Ncube","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020062403135770700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12430","article-title":"Deprived neighborhoods and adverse perinatal outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Vos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020062403135770700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2011.01192.x","article-title":"The association between neighbourhoods and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of multi-level studies","volume":"25","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020062403135770700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.05.012","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Blumenshine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020062403135770700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.08.011","article-title":"Birth outcomes among urban African-American women: a multilevel analysis of the role of racial residential segregation","volume":"63","author":"Bell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020062403135770700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6237.2011.00821.x","article-title":"Contextual predictors of cumulative biological risk: segregation and allostatic load","volume":"92","author":"Bellatorre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. 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