{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:58:28Z","timestamp":1792119508719,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP17K09508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17K09508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20K08431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K08431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The central nervous system (CNS) organizes the sympathetic outflow and various inputs from the periphery. The brain renin\u2013angiotensin system has been studied in various regions involved in controlling sympathetic outflow. Recent progress in cardiovascular research, particularly in vascular biology and neuroscience, as well as in traditional physiological approaches, has advanced the field of the neural control of hypertension in which the CNS plays a vital role. Cardiovascular research relating to hypertension has focused on the roles of nitric oxide, oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunity, and the network among various organs, including the heart, kidney, spleen, gut, and vasculature. The CNS mechanisms are similarly networked with these factors and are widely studied in neuroscience. In this review, I describe the development of the conceptual flow of this network in the field of hypertension on the basis of several important original research articles and discuss potential future breakthroughs leading to clinical precision medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T07:09:07Z","timestamp":1588316947000},"page":"914-926","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Sympathetic Activation in Hypertension: Importance of the Central Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Hirooka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare , Okawa City, Fukuoka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hypertension and Heart Failure Center, Takagi Hospital , Okawa City, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022101108163725400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2016.02.015","article-title":"Evidence for a critical role of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Grassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101108163725400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303604","article-title":"The sympathetic nervous system alterations in human hypertension","volume":"116","author":"Grassi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2022101108163725400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.00801","article-title":"Potential clinical application of recently discovered brain mechanisms involved in 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