{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T13:00:48Z","timestamp":1776258048603,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF-2013-02358024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2013-02358024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effect of chronic use of renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on the severity of COVID-19 infection is still unclear in patients with hypertension. We aimed to investigate the association between chronic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and COVID-19-related outcomes in hypertensive patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A single-center study was conducted on 133 consecutive hypertensive subjects presenting to the emergency department with acute respiratory symptoms and\/or fever who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between 9 and 31 March 2020.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients were grouped according to their chronic antihypertensive medications (ACEIs, N = 40; ARBs, N = 42; not on RAAS inhibitors, N = 51). There was no statistical difference between ACEIs and ARBs groups in terms of hospital admission rate, oxygen therapy, and need for noninvasive ventilation. Patients chronically treated with RAAS inhibitors showed a significantly lower rate of admission to semi-intensive\/intensive care units, when compared with the non-RAAS population (odds ratio (OR) 0.25, confidence interval (CI) 95% 0.09\u20130.66, P = 0.006). Similarly, the risk of mortality was lower in the former group, although not reaching statistical significance (OR 0.56, CI 95% 0.17\u20131.83, P = 0.341).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data suggest that chronic use of RAAS inhibitors does not negatively affect clinical course of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and determine whether RAAS inhibitors may have a protective effect on COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T11:18:23Z","timestamp":1591355903000},"page":"944-948","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Use of RAAS Inhibitors and Risk of Clinical Deterioration in COVID-19: Results From an Italian Cohort of 133 Hypertensives"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Felice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute and Emergency Department, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital , Treviso, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, Medicina Generale I^, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital, Treviso, University of Padova , Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Nardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, Medicina Generale I^, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital, Treviso, University of Padova , Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Luca","family":"Di Tanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Grossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncologic and Gastroenterological Sciences (DISCOG), Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital, Treviso, University of Padua , Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute and Emergency Department, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital , Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Scaldaferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute and Emergency Department, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital , Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micaela","family":"Romagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialistic and Laboratory Medicine Pulmonology Unit, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital , Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Tonon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, Medicina Generale I^, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital, Treviso, University of Padova , Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cavasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, Medicina Generale I^, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital, Treviso, University of Padova , Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Novello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncologic and Gastroenterological Sciences (DISCOG), Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital, Treviso, University of Padua , Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, Medicina Generale I^, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital, Treviso, University of Padova , Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Farnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital , Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"De Menis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medicina Generale II^, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital , Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Rigoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialistic and Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology Unit, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital , Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cinetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2014DIMED, Medicina Generale I^, Ca\u2019 Foncello Hospital, Treviso, University of Padova , Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Pauletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"O.R.A.S. 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