{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:20:27Z","timestamp":1780503627152,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antihypertensive drugs namely angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and diuretics are among the most clearly documented regimens worldwide with an overall cardioprotective benefit. Given that malignancy is the second leading cause of mortality, numerous observational studies aimed to investigate the carcinogenic potential of these agents with conflicting results. The purpose of this review was to summarize current data in an effort to explore rare side effects and new mechanisms linking antihypertensive drugs with the risk of developing cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T19:10:12Z","timestamp":1591729812000},"page":"1049-1058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antihypertensive Drugs and Risk of Cancer: Between Scylla and Charybdis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Elias","family":"Sanidas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Excellence Centre\u2014ESH, Department of Cardiology, LAIKO General Hospital , Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Velliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Excellence Centre\u2014ESH, Department of Cardiology, LAIKO General Hospital , Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Excellence Centre\u2014ESH, Department of Cardiology, LAIKO General Hospital , Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Fotsali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Excellence Centre\u2014ESH, Department of Cardiology, LAIKO General Hospital , Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Iliopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research \u201cN.S. Christeas\u201d, University of Athens, Medical School , Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Mantzourani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Internal Medicine, LAIKO General Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School , Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Toutouzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Athens, 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokrateion Hospital , Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Barbetseas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Excellence Centre\u2014ESH, Department of Cardiology, LAIKO General Hospital , Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14739-3","article-title":"Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials","volume":"362","author":"Turnbull","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)12323-7","article-title":"Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators","volume":"355","author":"Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.23.2981","article-title":"Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)","volume":"288","author":"ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.542290","article-title":"Antihypertensive medication use among US adults with hypertension","volume":"113","author":"Gu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.08.042","article-title":"Seventeen-year nationwide trends in antihypertensive drug use in Denmark","volume":"120","author":"Sundb\u00f8ll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018912","article-title":"Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries","volume":"134","author":"Mills","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142017 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19043","article-title":"Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990\u20132015","volume":"317","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","article-title":"Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods","volume":"144","author":"Ferlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2729","article-title":"Antihypertensive therapy and the risk of malignancies","volume":"22","author":"Grossman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000483","article-title":"Use of calcium channel blockers and risk of breast cancer: a population-based cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Azoulay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7080197","article-title":"Anti-hypertensive medication use, soluble receptor for glycation end products and risk of pancreatic cancer in the women\u2019s health initiative study","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70260-6","article-title":"Antihypertensive drugs and risk of cancer: network meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of 324,168 participants from randomised trials","volume":"12","author":"Bangalore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62545","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19117","article-title":"Antihypertensive drug use and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"8","author":"Ni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470320316656679","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320316656679","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system blockade for the risk of cancer and death","volume":"17","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91826-7","article-title":"High blood-pressure: a risk factor for cancer mortality?","volume":"1","author":"Dyer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.189258","article-title":"Blood pressure and risk of cancer incidence and mortality in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project","volume":"59","author":"Stocks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001834","article-title":"Cancer pattern among hypertensive patients in North Karelia, Finland","volume":"19","author":"Lindgren","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45014-4","article-title":"Association between blood pressure and risk of cancer development: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"9","author":"Seretis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020406","article-title":"Shared risk factors in cardiovascular disease and cancer","volume":"133","author":"Koene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.01.082","article-title":"Arterial hypertension in cancer: the elephant in the room","volume":"281","author":"Tini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2017.09.008","article-title":"Air pollution and arterial hypertension. A new risk factor is in the air","volume":"11","author":"Sanidas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpy087","article-title":"The role of angiogenesis inhibitors in hypertension: following \u201cAriadne\u2019s thread\u201d","volume":"31","author":"Sanidas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)90471-7","article-title":"Letter: hypertension related to D.N.A. repair synthesis and carcinogen uptake","volume":"2","author":"Nord\u00e9n","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0025","first-page":"941","article-title":"The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"23","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13639","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin inhibition in combating malignancy: a review","volume":"39","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0027","first-page":"141","article-title":"Neovascularization produced by angiotensin II","volume":"105","author":"Fernandez","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603213","article-title":"Localisation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in breast","volume":"95","author":"Tahmasebi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.68.2.450","article-title":"Angiotensin II induces smooth muscle cell proliferation in the normal and injured rat arterial wall","volume":"68","author":"Daemen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.12.009","article-title":"The role of kinin receptors in cancer and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"345","author":"da Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2013.07.024","article-title":"Involvement of substance P and the NK-1 receptor in cancer progression","volume":"48","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0032","first-page":"713","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers and cancer: is an association biologically plausible?","volume":"9","author":"Daling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04277-8","article-title":"Calcium-channel blockade and incidence of cancer in aged populations","volume":"348","author":"Pahor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-018-0644-4","article-title":"The risk for lung cancer incidence with calcium channel blockers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"41","author":"Rotshild","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1097","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001097","article-title":"Propranolol reduces cancer risk: a population-based cohort study","volume":"94","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/14.7.1621","article-title":"Renal cell carcinoma and diuretics\u2014should one restrict the use of diuretics?","volume":"14","author":"Schmieder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002136","article-title":"Reviewing the effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics as photosensitizing drugs on the risk of skin cancer","volume":"37","author":"Kreutz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20061062","article-title":"Structural and functional analysis of the Na+\/H+ exchanger","volume":"401","author":"Slepkov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18643","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018643","article-title":"Small molecule amiloride modulates oncogenic RNA alternative splicing to devitalize human cancer cells","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.06.138","article-title":"Effects of amiloride on physiological activity of stem cells of human lung cancer and possible mechanism","volume":"504","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0654-9","article-title":"Spironolactone inhibits the growth of cancer stem cells by impairing DNA damage response","volume":"38","author":"Gold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5689","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku217","article-title":"A high-throughput chemical screen with FDA approved drugs reveals that the antihypertensive drug Spironolactone impairs cancer cell survival by inhibiting homology directed repair","volume":"42","author":"Shahar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0043","first-page":"4550","article-title":"Suppression of human prostate cancer cell growth by alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists doxazosin and terazosin via induction of apoptosis","volume":"60","author":"Kyprianou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.21313","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic effects and mechanism of prazosin","volume":"71","author":"Liao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12673","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers and the incidence of breast and prostate cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Thakur","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2018.1559882","article-title":"Antihypertensive drugs and prostate cancer risk in a Finnish population-based cohort","volume":"52","author":"Siltari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Urol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12782","article-title":"Non-selective beta-blockers may reduce risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"35","author":"Thiele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000677","article-title":"The use of \u03b2-blockers is associated with a lower risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"28","author":"Herrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww217","article-title":"Risk of breast cancer with long-term use of calcium channel blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors among older women","volume":"185","author":"Raebel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50893","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050893","article-title":"Long-term use of angiotensin receptor blockers and the risk of cancer","volume":"7","author":"Azoulay","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283621ea3","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor blockers: are they related to lung cancer?","volume":"31","author":"Rao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpw095","article-title":"The use of telmisartan and the incidence of cancer","volume":"29","author":"Tascilar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k4209","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4209","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and risk of lung cancer: population based cohort study","volume":"363","author":"Hicks","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0054","first-page":"327","article-title":"Case-control study of antihypertensive and diuretic use by women with malignant and benign breast lesions detected in a mammography screening program","volume":"61","author":"Williams","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.3.349","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and breast cancer","volume":"160","author":"Meier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11663","article-title":"Relation between use of antihypertensive medications and risk of breast carcinoma among women ages 65\u201379 years","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9071","article-title":"Use of antihypertensive medications and breast cancer risk among women aged 55 to 74 years","volume":"173","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-012-0122-8","article-title":"Use of antihypertensive medications and breast cancer risk","volume":"24","author":"Saltzman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-015-0035-1","article-title":"Long-term use of antihypertensive agents and risk of breast cancer: a population-based case-control study","volume":"4","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiol Ther"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0159672","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159672","article-title":"The use of antihypertensive medication and the risk of breast cancer in a case-control study in a Spanish population: the MCC-Spain study","volume":"11","author":"G\u00f3mez-Acebo","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000813","article-title":"Antihypertensive agents and the risk of breast cancer in women aged 55 years and older: a nested case-control study","volume":"34","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-0096","article-title":"Use of calcium channel blockers and breast cancer risk in the women\u2019s health initiative","volume":"26","author":"Brasky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-019-02740-y","article-title":"Breast cancer and spironolactone: an observational postmarketing study","volume":"75","author":"Sabatier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13152","article-title":"Spironolactone use and risk of incident cancers: a retrospective, matched cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001130","article-title":"Spironolactone and the risk of urinary tract cancer in patients with hypertension: a nationwide population-based retrospective case-control study","volume":"35","author":"Chuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-018-0318-7","article-title":"Antihypertensive drugs use and the risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of 21 observational studies","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00674-4","article-title":"Is diuretic therapy associated with an increased risk of colon cancer?","volume":"110","author":"Tenenbaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.08.005","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer: a nested case-control study","volume":"5","author":"Sj\u00f6berg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0095","article-title":"Cardiovascular medication use and risk for colorectal cancer","volume":"17","author":"Boudreau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181ea1044","article-title":"Long-term use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is associated with decreased incidence of advanced adenomatous colon polyps","volume":"45","author":"Kedika","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26727","article-title":"Beta blocker use and colorectal cancer risk: population-based case-control study","volume":"118","author":"Jansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"djt374","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt374","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy and colorectal cancer risk","volume":"106","author":"Makar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1704","article-title":"Does angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and \u03b2-blocker use reduce the risk of primary liver cancer? A case-control study using the U.K. clinical practice research datalink","volume":"36","author":"Hagberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.375","article-title":"The use of drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system and the incidence of pancreatic cancer","volume":"116","author":"Mandilaras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4292-y","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: a nationwide high-risk cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018814684","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers and the risk for lung cancer: a population-based nested case-control study","volume":"53","author":"Rotshild","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328358d42f","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors enhance the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on breast cancer: a nationwide case-control study","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-010-9590-x","article-title":"Hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, and breast cancer risk in the California Teachers Study cohort","volume":"21","author":"Largent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.10294","article-title":"Association between captopril, other antihypertensive drugs and risk of prostate cancer","volume":"58","author":"Ronquist","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006233521325","article-title":"Mechanism of captopril toxicity to a human mammary ductal carcinoma cell line in the presence of copper","volume":"55","author":"Small","year":"1999","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14534","article-title":"Impact of 5\u03b1-reductase inhibitor and \u03b1-blocker therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia on prostate cancer incidence and mortality","volume":"123","author":"Van Rompay","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.07.001","article-title":"Medication use and kidney cancer risk: a population-based study","volume":"83","author":"Nayan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0083","first-page":"327","article-title":"Risk of renal cell cancer in relation to diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, and hypertension","volume":"4","author":"Chow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-017-0857-3","article-title":"Antihypertensive medication use and risk of renal cell carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Colt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr3744","article-title":"Association between the use of thiazide diuretics and the risk of skin cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"11","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.1652","article-title":"Association of hydrochlorothiazide use and risk of malignant melanoma","volume":"178","author":"Potteg\u00e5rd","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604686","article-title":"Use of photosensitising diuretics and risk of skin cancer: a population-based case-control study","volume":"99","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12629","article-title":"Hydrochlorothiazide use is strongly associated with risk of lip cancer","volume":"282","author":"Potteg\u00e5rd","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.12.003","article-title":"Anti-hypertensive drugs and skin cancer risk: a review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Gandini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"2022101315092670600_CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30066","article-title":"Hypertension, use of antihypertensive medications, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"139","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa098\/33530398\/hpaa098.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article-pdf\/33\/12\/1049\/46498210\/hpaa098.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article-pdf\/33\/12\/1049\/46498210\/hpaa098.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T08:28:48Z","timestamp":1723019328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article\/33\/12\/1049\/5856335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa098","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-7061","1941-7225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-7061","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-7225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]}}}