{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:25:42Z","timestamp":1776205542450,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"German Center for Infection Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany","award":["8039801926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8039801926"]}]},{"name":"Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Advanced Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg"},{"name":"IMM-PACT-Programme for Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["413517907M"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["413517907M"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The role of the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is controversially discussed. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and activity of the RAAS may affect susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcome of patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this prospective single-center study, we determined the serum levels of ACE2, angiotensin II, and aldosterone in patients with COVID-19 compared with control patients presenting with similar symptoms in the emergency unit.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed serum samples from 24 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 61 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients. SARS-CoV-2 positive and control patients did not differ in baseline patients characteristics, symptoms, and clinical presentation. Mean serum concentrations of ACE2, angiotensin II, and aldosterone did not differ between the SARS-CoV-2 positive and the control group. In line with this, serum potassium as surrogate parameter for RAAS activity and blood pressure were similar in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In summary, we did not find evidence for altered RAAS activity including angiotensin II, aldosterone, or potassium levels, and blood pressure in patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical trials registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trial Number DRKS00021206.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T19:15:02Z","timestamp":1602011702000},"page":"278-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Serum ACE2, Angiotensin II, and Aldosterone Levels Are Unchanged in Patients With COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Rieder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Pollmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, 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Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Baldus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center Freiburg University, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonaventura","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Joerg","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, 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