{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T13:41:54Z","timestamp":1784036514051,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"CaReSyAn Project","award":["764474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["764474"]}]},{"name":"EU Commission","award":["MSCA-ITN-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSCA-ITN-2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined by coexisting heart and renal dysfunctions. Malfunction of 1 organ may cause dysfunction of the other with variable causative disease that defines the type of CRS (1\u20135). Numerous studies showed that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Similarly, CKD affects a large proportion of patients with heart failure. This overlap between primary heart or primary kidney disease blurs cause\u2013effect inferences of the initiator\/target organ. The classical subdivision of CRS in 5 categories does not provide pathophysiological suggestions for targeted intervention. It seems timely to revisit the value of CRS biomarkers in a pathophysiology-centered approach. We systematically reviewed the literature in CRS, which revealed 53 clinical studies describing the use of 44 biomarkers and 4 proteomic panels. All biomarkers are involved in at least one of the CRS comorbidities. Among the pathways affected, inflammation, aberrant glucose metabolism, neurohormonal activation, and oxidative stress are well described. There is growing evidence that fibrosis may be the \u201ccornerstone\u201d that unifies most of the pathways leading to CRS. Formation of excess fibrous connective tissue antedates CRS in many cases. This review highlights that biomarkers reflecting fibrosis may be of substantial clinical value in the early detection, prognostication, and guiding treatment of CRS. Biomarkers detecting changes in collagen turnover in the extracellular matrix of heart and kidney appear able to depict subclinical changes in the fibrotic remodeling of tissues and constitute a promising approach toward personalized intervention in CRS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T19:13:15Z","timestamp":1617217995000},"page":"669-679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Proteomic Biomarkers in the Cardiorenal Syndrome: Toward Deciphering Molecular Pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Tianlin","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH , Hannover , Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen , Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan A","family":"Staessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium"},{"name":"Research Institute Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine (APPREMED) , Mechelen , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Mischak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH , Hannover , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Latosinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH , Hannover , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1907-825X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Beige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic, Martin-Luther University , Halle-Wittenberg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022100812392107500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487317708891","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its determinants in coronary heart disease patients in 24 European countries: insights from the EUROASPIRE IV survey of the European Society of 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