{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T06:47:06Z","timestamp":1777099626068,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&D Project"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI13C0715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI13C0715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although abnormal blood pressure (BP) patterns are associated with adverse cardiorenal outcomes, their associations are yet unquantified by nocturnal dipping status. We examined the association of nocturnal BP dipping pattern with albuminuria and kidney function among participants with controlled hypertension without prior advanced kidney disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ambulatory BP (ABP) measurements were collected from 995 middle-aged, cardiology clinic patients with controlled office BP (OBP) (&amp;lt;140\/90 mm Hg). The magnitude of dipping was calculated as the difference between daytime and nighttime systolic BP (SBP) divided by daytime SBP. Accordingly, the participants were categorized as extreme-dipper (\u226520%), dipper (10% to &amp;lt;20%), non-dipper (0% to &amp;lt;10%), or reverse-dipper (&amp;lt;0%). We analyzed the cross-sectional associations of dipping with albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio \u226530 mg\/g) and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (&amp;lt;60 ml\/min\/1.73 m2), adjusting for OBP\/ABP, antihypertensive class, body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, socioeconomic status, and health behavior.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The participants (mean age 60.2 years; 52.9% male) consisted of 13.5% extreme-dippers, 43.1% dippers, 34.7% non-dippers, and 8.7% reverse-dippers. In reference to dippers, odds ratios [95% confidence interval] for albuminuria were 1.73 [1.04\u20132.60] in reverse-dippers, 1.67 [1.20\u20132.32] in non-dippers, and 0.62 [0.38\u20131.04] in extreme-dippers. Likewise, abnormal dipping profile was associated with decreased kidney function: reverse-dipping, 2.02 [1.06\u20133.84]; non-dipping, 1.98 [1.07\u20133.08]; extreme-dipping, 0.69 [0.20\u20131.17]. The associations persisted among participants with more conservatively controlled OBP (&amp;lt;130\/80 mm Hg).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monitoring diurnal and nocturnal BP may identify chronic kidney disease otherwise overlooked based on OBP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpab031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T04:31:34Z","timestamp":1612413094000},"page":"821-830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association Between Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping and Chronic Kidney Disease Among Patients With Controlled Office Blood Pressure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"So Mi J","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School , Seoul , Korea"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hokyou","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hyun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong Hyun","family":"Jhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungha","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7867-1240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon Chang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.105510","article-title":"Nighttime blood pressure and nocturnal dipping are associated with daytime urinary sodium excretion in African subjects","volume":"51","author":"Bankir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10971","article-title":"Nocturnal hypertension: new technology and evidence","volume":"71","author":"Kario","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.5682","article-title":"Association of blood pressure patterns in young adulthood with cardiovascular disease and mortality in middle age","volume":"5","author":"Yano","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.162255","article-title":"The relationship between visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality in the general population: findings from NHANES III, 1988 to 1994","volume":"57","author":"Muntner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(03)00567-3","article-title":"Associations between nondipping of nocturnal blood pressure decrease and cardiovascular target organ damage in strictly selected community-dwelling normotensives","volume":"16","author":"Hoshide","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.368","article-title":"The contribution of chronic kidney disease to the global burden of major noncommunicable diseases","volume":"80","author":"Couser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.02.343","article-title":"Patient safety issue in CKD","volume":"66","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e184412","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.4412","article-title":"Changes in the US burden of chronic kidney disease from 2002 to 2016: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"1","author":"Bowe","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010723","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010723","article-title":"Bidirectional and temporal association between hypertension and microalbuminuria: a longitudinal study in Chinese adults","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.701127","article-title":"Blunted sleep-time relative blood pressure decline increases cardiovascular risk independent of blood pressure level\u2014the \u201cnormotensive non-dipper\u201d paradox","volume":"30","author":"Hermida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002221","article-title":"Associations of awake and asleep blood pressure and blood pressure dipping with abnormalities of cardiac structure: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study","volume":"38","author":"Bello","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-018-0155-9","article-title":"Normotensive non-dipping blood pressure profile does not predict the risk of chronic kidney disease progression","volume":"42","author":"Kado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08840719","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure phenotypes in adults taking antihypertensive medication with and without CKD","volume":"15","author":"Mwasongwe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2019.60.8.804","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center Cohort in Korea","volume":"60","author":"Shim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200305000-00001","article-title":"European Society of Hypertension recommendations for conventional, ambulatory and home blood pressure measurement","volume":"21","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0017","first-page":"532","article-title":"Validity and reliability of Korean version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form","volume":"28","author":"Oh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Fam Med"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.15.1635","article-title":"Diuretics shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from nondipper to dipper in essential hypertension","volume":"100","author":"Uzu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0019","first-page":"e13","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000163132.84890.c4","article-title":"Practice guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension for clinic, ambulatory and self blood pressure measurement","volume":"23","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000056521.67546.AA","article-title":"Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives","volume":"107","author":"Kario","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.115329","article-title":"Patients with renal dysfunction require a longer duration until blood pressure dips during the night","volume":"52","author":"Fukuda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.09.308","article-title":"The association between non-dipping circadian blood pressure rhythm and cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"137","author":"Che","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intl J Cardiol"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06470612","article-title":"Clinical correlates of ambulatory BP monitoring among patients with CKD","volume":"8","author":"Iimuro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2011.83","article-title":"To dip or not to dip? The unique relationship between different blood pressure patterns and cardiac function and structure","volume":"27","author":"Ivanovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277332","article-title":"Impaired pressure natriuresis and non-dipping blood pressure in rats with early type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"597","author":"Culshaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198610000-00005","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of plasma renin activity in older normal and essential hypertensive men: relation with inactive renin, aldosterone, cortisol and REM sleep","volume":"4","author":"Stern","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0028","first-page":"S125","article-title":"Circadian blood pressure variations under different pathophysiological conditions","volume":"8","author":"Imai","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hypertens Suppl"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0029","first-page":"1235","article-title":"Prognostic accuracy of day versus night ambulatory blood pressure: a cohort study","volume":"49","author":"Boggia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34932","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34932","article-title":"Prognostic value of reverse dipper blood pressure pattern in chronic kidney disease patients not undergoing dialysis: prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04571007","article-title":"The challenge of sudden death in dialysis patients","volume":"3","author":"Ritz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0032","first-page":"2918","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and its relationship with chronic kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.106.084343","article-title":"To dip or not to dip","volume":"49","author":"Sayk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.3.844","article-title":"Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure: current evidence and clinical implications","volume":"35","author":"Verdecchia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2005.09.018","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and risk of cardiovascular disease: a population based study","volume":"19","author":"Hansen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08530815","article-title":"Masked hypertension and elevated nighttime blood pressure in CKD: prevalence and association with target organ damage","volume":"11","author":"Drawz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328365c8a8","article-title":"Assessment of reduction in night-time blood pressure and dipping induced by antihypertensive medication using a home blood pressure monitor","volume":"32","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022100812245518400_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2013.85","article-title":"Effect of antihypertensive medication adherence on hospitalization for cardiovascular disease and mortality in hypertensive patients","volume":"36","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajh\/hpab031\/36721894\/hpab031.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article-pdf\/34\/8\/821\/46387265\/hpab031.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article-pdf\/34\/8\/821\/46387265\/hpab031.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T12:31:40Z","timestamp":1665232300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article\/34\/8\/821\/6131445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajh\/hpab031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-7061","1941-7225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-7061","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-7225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]}}}