{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:18:39Z","timestamp":1768879119107,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD014874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD014874"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While it is known that sex and race\/ethnic disparities persist for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), disparities in risk factor control have not been well-described in primary care where ASCVD can be prevented.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adult patients with a hypertension diagnosis without ASCVD were included in this analysis of electronic health records from a large US healthcare system from 2018. Patients were categorized based on risk factor control defined as blood pressure (BP) &amp;lt;130\/80 mm Hg; statin prescription among patients with indications, HbA1c of &amp;lt;7%, and not smoking. Multivariable Poisson regressions were developed to explore associations with race\/ethnicity. Results are presented as relative risk (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 5,227 patients, 55.8% women and 60.0% men had uncontrolled BP, 47.3% women and 46.4% men with statin therapy indication did not have a prescription, 34.9% women and 40.9% men had uncontrolled HbA1c values, and 9.3% women and 13.7% men were smokers. African Americans were more likely to have uncontrolled BP (women: RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.07\u20131.30; men: RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.34) and more likely to lack a statin prescription (women: RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.45; men: RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.51) compared to Caucasians. Differences in HbA1c control were not statistically significant among Hispanic\/Latino compared to Caucasians (women: RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.86\u20131.90; men: RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.72\u20131.97).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disparities in controlling ASCVD risk factors in primary care persist and were not fully explained by demographic or clinical characteristics. Monitoring changes in disparities is important to ensure equity as interventions to prevent ASCVD in primary care are developed and implemented.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpab053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,11]],"date-time":"2021-04-11T03:07:21Z","timestamp":1618110441000},"page":"948-955","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Race\/Ethnic Differences in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Patients With Hypertension: Analysis From 143 Primary Care Clinics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rasha","family":"Khatib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Advocate Aurora Health , Downers Grove, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6975-268X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Glowacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Advocate Aurora Health , Downers Grove, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Lauffenburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Delivery Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvia","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enterprise Population Health, Advocate Aurora Health , Downers Grove, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0001","volume-title":"Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) Key Facts","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h1551","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1551","article-title":"Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on cardiovascular events and mortality among older adults: meta-analysis of individual participant data from prospective cohort studies of the CHANCES consortium","volume":"350","author":"Mons","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.6015","article-title":"Association of blood pressure lowering with mortality and cardiovascular disease across blood pressure levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"178","author":"Brunstr\u00f6m","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012356","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012356","article-title":"Glycemic control, preexisting cardiovascular disease, and risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review with meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials and intensive glucose control trials","volume":"8","author":"Giugliano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012428","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012428","article-title":"Association between baseline, achieved, and reduction of CRP and cardiovascular outcomes after LDL cholesterol lowering with statins or ezetimibe: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"385","author":"GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006027","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006027","article-title":"Trends in racial\/ethnic disparities in cardiovascular health among US adults from 1999\u20132012","volume":"6","author":"Pool","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0008","first-page":"e484","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"138","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.003","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"73","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S006","article-title":"6. Glycemic targets: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e021640","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021640","article-title":"Characteristics and treatment of African-American and European-American patients with resistant hypertension identified using the electronic health record in an academic health centre: a case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Shuey","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.2604","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: part 1, lifestyle and behavioral factors","volume":"4","author":"Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2630","article-title":"Validation of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Pooled Cohort risk equations","volume":"311","author":"Muntner","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"129","author":"Goff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284427","article-title":"2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8)","volume":"311","author":"James","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","article-title":"Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report","volume":"106","author":"National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0017","first-page":"e177","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","author":"Arnett","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12705","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic and gender disparities in health care use and access","volume":"53","author":"Manuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20192872","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2872","article-title":"ED visits and readmissions after follow-up for mental health hospitalization","volume":"145","author":"Bardach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7030975","article-title":"Specialty care use in US patients with chronic diseases","volume":"7","author":"Bellinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S186","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.166082","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: what the patterns tell us","volume":"100","author":"Braveman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6536e1","article-title":"Vital signs: disparities in antihypertensive medication nonadherence among Medicare part D beneficiaries\u2014United States, 2014","volume":"65","author":"Ritchey","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.11.1696","article-title":"Hypertension control and access to medical care in the inner city","volume":"88","author":"Kotchen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0024","volume-title":"Table A-4a. Age-Adjusted Percentages (With Standard Errors) of Selected Diseases and Conditions Among Adults Aged 18 and Over, by Selected Characteristics: United States, National Health Interview Survey, 2018","author":"Center for Disease Control and Precention. National Center for Health Statistics"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0025","volume-title":"Hispanic\/Latino Americans and Type 2 Diabetes","author":"CDC","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.15.1458","article-title":"Why don\u2019t physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement","volume":"282","author":"Cabana","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84238","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084238","article-title":"Patient and healthcare provider barriers to hypertension awareness, treatment and follow up: a systematic review and meta-analysis of qualitative and quantitative studies","volume":"9","author":"Khatib","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2019.100850","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension among US adults following application of the 2017 American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association guideline","volume":"14","author":"Al Kibria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13504","article-title":"Exploring racial\/ethnic disparities in hypertension care among patients served by health centers in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Sripipatana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0030","first-page":"e38","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1717250","article-title":"A cluster-randomized trial of blood-pressure reduction in black barbershops","volume":"378","author":"Victor","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038165","article-title":"Sustainability of blood pressure reduction in black barbershops","volume":"139","author":"Victor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101S","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558707305409","article-title":"Diabetes health disparities: a systematic review of health care interventions","volume":"64","author":"Peek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-018-1022-7","article-title":"The emerging role of mobile-health applications in the management of hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Thangada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200255","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0255","article-title":"Effect of home blood pressure monitoring via a smartphone hypertension coaching application or tracking application on adults with uncontrolled hypertension: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Persell","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2023120723272271500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpu233","article-title":"Reducing racial and ethnic disparities in hypertension prevention and control: what will it take to translate research into practice and policy?","volume":"28","author":"Mueller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajh\/hpab053\/40133810\/hpab053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article-pdf\/34\/9\/948\/54093591\/hpab053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article-pdf\/34\/9\/948\/54093591\/hpab053.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:31:00Z","timestamp":1701995460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article\/34\/9\/948\/6239761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajh\/hpab053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-7061","1941-7225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-7061","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-7225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]}}}