{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:31:42Z","timestamp":1778909502092,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"GlaxoSmith-Kline Africa Noncommunicable Disease Open Lab"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015704","name":"Aspen Pharmacare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1055214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1055214"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We sought to address the paucity of data to support the evidence-based management of hypertension to achieve optimal blood pressure (BP) control on a sex-specific basis in Africa.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We undertook a post hoc analysis of the multicenter, randomized CREOLE (Comparison of Three Combination Therapies in Lowering Blood Pressure in Black Africans) Trial to test the hypothesis that there would be clinically important differences in office BP control between African men and women. We compared the BP levels of 397 and 238 hypertensive women (63%, 50.9 \u00b1 10.5 years) and men (51.2 \u00b1 11.3 years) from 10 sites across sub-Saharan Africa who completed baseline and 6-month profiling according to their randomly allocated antihypertensive treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 442\/635 (69.6%) participants achieved an office BP target of &amp;lt;140\/90 mm Hg at 6 months; comprising more women (286\/72.0%) than men (156\/65.5%) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07\u20132.39; P = 0.023). Women randomized to amlodipine\u2013hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (adjusted OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.71\u20135.35; P &amp;lt; 0.001) or amlodipine\u2013perindopril (adjusted OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.49\u20134.58; P = 0.01) were more likely to achieve this target compared with perindopril\u2013HCTZ. Among men, there were no equivalent treatment differences\u2014amlodipine\u2013HCTZ (OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.76\u20133.12; P = 0.23) or amlodipine\u2013perindopril (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.65\u20132.67; P = 0.44) vs. perindopril\u2013HCTZ. Among the 613 participants (97%) with 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, women had significantly lower systolic (124.1 \u00b1 18.1 vs. 127.3 \u00b1 16.9; P = 0.028) and diastolic (72.7 \u00b1 10.4 vs. 75.1 \u00b1 10.5; P = 0.007) BP levels at 6 months compared with men.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These data suggest clinically important differences in the therapeutic response to antihypertensive combination therapy among African women compared with African men.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpac014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T12:14:16Z","timestamp":1643804056000},"page":"551-560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Differential Response to Antihypertensive Therapy in African Men and Women: Insights From the CREOLE Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2084-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dike B","family":"Ojji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Abuja & University of Abuja Teaching Hospital , Gwagwalada, Abuja , Nigeria"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja , Abuja , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel L","family":"Shedul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja , Abuja , Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital , Gwagwalada, Abuja , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano & Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital , Kano , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Okechukwu S","family":"Ogah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastase","family":"Dzudie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Douala General Hospital , Douala , Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Barasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, MOI University Hospital , Eldoret , Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Mondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, St Francis Hospital, Nsambya , Kampala , Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prossie M","family":"Ingabire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, St Francis Hospital, Nsambya , Kampala , Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika S W","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Rayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damasceno","family":"Albertino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University Hospital , Maputo , Mozambique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elijah","family":"Ogola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wynand","family":"Smythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Life St. Vincent Pallotti Hospital in Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicky","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital , Gwagwalada, Abuja , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pandie","family":"Shahiemah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital , Gwagwalada, Abuja , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Shedul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja , Abuja , Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University College Hospital , Ibadan , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinyemi","family":"Aje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University College Hospital , Ibadan , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Sliwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cape Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South 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