{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T20:39:08Z","timestamp":1787690348025,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with resistant hypertension are the group of hypertensive patients with the highest cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>All rules and guidelines for treatment of hypertension should be followed strictly to obtain blood pressure (BP) control in resistant hypertension. The mainstay of treatment of hypertension, also for resistant hypertension, is pharmacological treatment, which should be tailored to each patient\u2019s specific phenotype. Therefore, it is pivotal to assess nonadherence to pharmacological treatment as this remains the most challenging problem to investigate and manage in the setting of resistant hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Once adherence has been confirmed, patients must be thoroughly worked-up for secondary causes of hypertension. Until such possible specific causes have been clarified, the diagnosis is apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH). Surprisingly few patients remain with true TRH when the various secondary causes and adherence problems have been detected and resolved. Refractory hypertension is a term used to characterize the treatment resistance in hypertensive patients using \u22655 antihypertensive drugs. All pressor mechanisms may then need blockage before their BPs are reasonably controlled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with resistant hypertension need careful and sustained follow-up and review of their medications and dosages at each term since medication adherence is a very dynamic process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpad118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T08:12:09Z","timestamp":1703146329000},"page":"307-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Medical Measures in Hypertensives Considered Resistant"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0421-8528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadl Elmula M","family":"Fadl Elmula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, Ullevaal University Hospital, Cardiorenal Research Centre , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center , Riyadh, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3857-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian Eek","family":"Mariampillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8050-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sondre","family":"Heimark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, Ullevaal University Hospital, Cardiorenal Research Centre , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Ullevaal University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2389-0272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sverre E","family":"Kjeldsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, Ullevaal University Hospital, Cardiorenal Research Centre , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ullevaal University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1283-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Burnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , 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