{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:11:15Z","timestamp":1793319075462,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bladder dysfunction entails overactive bladder (OAB) defined as symptoms of urinary urgency, frequency, and\/or nocturia with or without incontinence if there is no obvious pathology or infection or lower urinary tract symptoms that includes recognized causes of bladder dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Literature search.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Symptoms of OAB are reported in about 15% of the adult US population. This is increased 2- to 3-fold in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or the elderly where it often accompanies prescription for short, rapid-acting loop diuretics. However, less than 2% of patients seeking care for OAB receive treatment. The fear of urinary incontinence from short, rapid-acting loop diuretics may contribute to medication nonadherence and less well-controlled, apparently resistant hypertension. The bladder contracts to rapid stretch. Thus, less rapid-acting diuretics such as thiazides or extended-release formulations of loop diuretics may be preferable for those with bladder dysfunction. Alternatively, the use of a mineralocorticosteroid receptor antagonist, angiotensin receptor antagonist\/neprilysin inhibitor, or sodium glucose-linked transport type 2 inhibitor may allow a reduction in the dose of a short, rapid-acting loop diuretic for those with bladder dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A worsening of symptoms from bladder dysfunction by short, rapid-acting loop diuretics occurs frequently in patients with CVD, CHF, hypertension, and CKD where it can contribute to impaired quality of life and poor adherence and thereby to worsening outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpae139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T19:23:15Z","timestamp":1730488995000},"page":"100-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bladder Symptoms Provoked by Short, Rapid-Acting Loop Diuretics: A Frequent but Often Overlooked Problem"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Christopher S","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negiin","family":"Pourafshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia 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