{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:22:02Z","timestamp":1792790522736,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Changes in retinal vessel caliber are crucial for detecting early retinopathy, a significant cause of blindness in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (T2DM). This study aims to evaluate the changes in retinal vessel caliber and identify factors associated with these changes in recently diagnosed T2DM patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study included newly diagnosed T2DM patients (within 6 months of diagnosis) who were free of antidiabetic treatment (except metformin) and matched individuals based on age and blood pressure (BP). Data collected included somatometric measurements, BP (office and 24-h), hematological data, albuminuria (via 24-h urine collections), ten-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (ASCVD score), endothelial dysfunction (measured by Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, ADMA), retinal microvascular changes, assessed as central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), and arteriovenous ratio (AVR) using specialized software on nonmydriatic fundus photographs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study involved 87 T2DM patients and 90 controls, aged 57\u00b111 years. Key findings include no significant differences in CRAE, CRVE, and AVR between T2DM patients and controls. Age (P=0.019) and nighttime systolic BP (SBP) (P=0.002) were independent predictors of AVR. CRAE was independently associated with nighttime SBP (P=0.048). CRVE was independently associated with age (P=0.016), dipping (P=0.002), and smoking (P=0.018). In normotensive subjects, AVR was significantly lower in T2DM patients (P=0.035).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study concludes that increased nighttime SBP is a more critical factor than hyperglycemia in affecting retinal vascular caliber changes in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. This highlights the importance of managing nocturnal hypertension to prevent retinal damage in this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaf004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T04:19:14Z","timestamp":1736396354000},"page":"217-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nighttime Systolic Blood Pressure a Major Factor of Retinal Vascular Caliber Changes in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0261-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Nikolaidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areti","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5658-4629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Anyfanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8883-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Gavriilaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Lazaridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Dolgyras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gavriilaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Departnent of Neurology, Ahepa General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Stoimeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Mastrogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8110-938X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Trakatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Doumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6324-2475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Gkaliagkousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031705514481300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","article-title":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"9","author":"GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators; 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