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We investigated the influence of sodium intake on the plasma proteome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospectively recruited normotensive participants underwent 2 controlled dietary sodium interventions to evaluate hormonal and proteomic (1,512 proteins) changes: sodium-restriction resembling ancestral hunter-gatherer intake (~10 mEq\/day, ~230\u00a0mg\/day) and sodium-loading resembling modern industrialized intake (~200 mEq\/day, ~4,600\u00a0mg\/day). Twenty-four hour urine collections were obtained after each diet. Plasma proteomic changes were assessed with correction for false discovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants achieved a 24-h urinary sodium excretion of 16 mEq\/L when sodium-restricted and 249 mEq\/L when sodium-loaded. Thirty-eight proteins displayed statistically significant changes with 15 additional proteins exhibiting notable trends that did not reach statistical significance. The most apparent changes were increases in proteins related to fibrosis and the extracellular matrix (ECM) when sodium-loaded, whereas sodium-restriction increased proteins related to immune\/inflammatory pathways and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-kallikrein-kinin system (KKS)-complement pathway. NT-proBNP, FUMH (fumarate hydratase), LKHA4 (leukotriene A(4) hydrolase), COFA1 (collagen alpha-1(V) chain), COF2 (cofilin-2), BMP-4, and TGF-\u03b2 RIII had the greatest increases when sodium-loaded, whereas renin, thrombin, apo A-1 (apolipoprotein A-1), FABPA (fatty acid binding protein), and LEAP-1 (hepcidin) had the greatest increases when sodium-restricted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When compared to a sodium-restricted diet resembling ancestral intake, the modern industrialized dietary sodium intake increased proteins related to fibrosis and the ECM, and decreased proteins related to the RAS, KKS, immunity, and inflammation. These findings in normotensive people provide an atlas of proteomic changes, and biological pathways, that may contribute to hypertension and other sodium-related disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaf078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T20:00:02Z","timestamp":1746043202000},"page":"280-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Impact of Modern Industrialized Dietary Sodium Intake on the Plasma Proteome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Melinda","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5741-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahyar","family":"Heydarpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Honzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenifer M","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Parisien-La Salle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushrut S","family":"Waikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0314-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Vaidya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071500470013300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2001.11927784","article-title":"Facts and ideas from anywhere","volume":"14","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)"},{"key":"2026071500470013300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845693046.2.157","article-title":"Technological functions of salt in food products","volume-title":"Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Reducing Salt in Foods","author":"Man","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026071500470013300_CIT0003","volume-title":"The Hunger for Salt. 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