{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:47:56Z","timestamp":1791161276400,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients free from overt cardiac disease, R wave in aVL lead (RaVL) is strongly correlated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. The aim of the present study was to extend this finding to other settings (cardiomyopathy or conduction disorders), by comparing ECG criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to cardiac MRI (CMR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 501 patients, CMR and ECG were performed within a median-period of 5 days. CMR LVH cut-offs used were 83g\/m2 in men and 67g\/m2 in women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RaVL was independently correlated with LVMI in patients with or without myocardial infarction (MI) (N = 300 and N = 201, respectively). SV3 was independently correlated with LVMI and LV enlargement only in patients without MI. In the whole cohort, RaVL had area under receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.729 (specificity 98.3%, sensitivity 19.6%, optimal cut-off 1.1 mV). The performance of RaVL was remarkable in women, in Caucasians, and in the presence of right bundle branch block. It decreased in case of MI. Overall, it is proposed that below 0.5 mV and above 1.0 mV, RaVL is sufficient to exclude or establish LVH. Between 0.5 and 1 mV, composite indices (Cornell voltage or product) should be used. Using this algorithm allowed classifying appropriately 85% of the patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results showed that RaVL is a good index of LVH with a univocal threshold of 1.0 mV in various clinical conditions. SV3 may be combined to RaVL in some conditions, namely LV enlargement to increase its performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpu268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T23:31:37Z","timestamp":1421278297000},"page":"1038-1048","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["R Wave in aVL Lead Is a Robust Index of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Cardiac MRI Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Pierre-Yves","family":"Courand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence center, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon 1 , Lyon , France ;"},{"name":"G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de l\u2019Hypertension art\u00e9rielle 2 , Villeurbanne , France ;"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital Nord-Ouest 3 , Villefranche-sur-Sa\u00f4ne , France ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Grandjean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence center, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon 1 , Lyon , France ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence center, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon 1 , Lyon , France ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinciane","family":"Paget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, H\u00f4pital Nord-Ouest 4 , Villefranche-sur-Sa\u00f4ne , France ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fouad","family":"Khettab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence center, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon 1 , Lyon , France ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampiero","family":"Bricca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de l\u2019Hypertension art\u00e9rielle 2 , Villeurbanne , France ;"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital Nord-Ouest 3 , Villefranche-sur-Sa\u00f4ne , France ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Boussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon 5 , Lyon , France ."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Lantelme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence center, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon 1 , Lyon , France ;"},{"name":"G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de l\u2019Hypertension art\u00e9rielle 2 , Villeurbanne , France ;"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital Nord-Ouest 3 , Villefranche-sur-Sa\u00f4ne , France ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brahim","family":"Harbaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, European Society of Hypertension Excellence center, H\u00f4pital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon 1 , Lyon , France ;"},{"name":"G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de l\u2019Hypertension art\u00e9rielle 2 , Villeurbanne , France ;"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital Nord-Ouest 3 , Villefranche-sur-Sa\u00f4ne , France ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(49)90562-1","article-title":"The ventricular complex in left ventricular hypertrophy as obtained by unipolar precordial and limb leads","volume":"37","author":"Sokolow","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.3.565","article-title":"Improved sex-specific criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy for clinical and computer interpretation of electrocardiograms: validation with autopsy findings","volume":"75","author":"Casale","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00371-V","article-title":"Electrocardiographic identification of increased left ventricular mass by simple voltage-duration products","volume":"25","author":"Okin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283524961","article-title":"ECG detection of left ventricular hypertrophy: the simpler, the better?","volume":"30","author":"Gosse","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32832c0031","article-title":"The voltage of R wave in lead aVL improves risk stratification in hypertensive patients without ECG left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"27","author":"Verdecchia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-013-0578-x","article-title":"Detection of left ventricular hypertrophy by the R-wave voltage in lead aVL: population-based study","volume":"102","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000181","article-title":"R wave in aVL lead: an outstanding ECG index in hypertension","volume":"32","author":"Courand","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc","article-title":"The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"31","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2013.147","article-title":"Biological, electrical and echocardiographic indices versus cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"37","author":"Courand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000234097.47379.fd","article-title":"The assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension","volume":"24","author":"Alfakih","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/10976640600572889","article-title":"Normalized left ventricular systolic and diastolic function by steady state free precession cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"8","author":"Maceira","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-9-2","article-title":"Age and gender specific normal values of left ventricular mass, volume and function for gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging: a cross sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Cain","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000135249.66192.30","article-title":"New gender-specific partition values for ECG criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy: recalibration against cardiac MRI","volume":"44","author":"Alfakih","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39276.636354.AE","article-title":"Accuracy of electrocardiography in diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension: systematic review","volume":"335","author":"Pewsner","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199608000-00011","article-title":"Echocardiography overestimates left ventricular mass: a comparative study with magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hypertension","volume":"14","author":"Missouris","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00812.x","article-title":"Diagnostic value of different electrocardiographic voltage criteria for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young people","volume":"19","author":"Erice","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12009","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with myocardial infarction by computer-assisted electrocardiography (ELECTROPRES)","volume":"18","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Padial","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00269-5","article-title":"Improved electrocardiographic detection of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: results of a correlated data base approach","volume":"26","author":"Norman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)91377-X","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiographic criteria for left and right ventricular hypertrophy in morbid obesity","volume":"62","author":"Nath","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89209-0","article-title":"Influence of obesity on the diagnostic value of electrocardiographic criteria for detecting left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"77","author":"Abergel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.1.13","article-title":"Effect of obesity on electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients: the losartan intervention for endpoint (LIFE) reduction in hypertension study","volume":"35","author":"Okin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00421-1","article-title":"Electrocardiographic identification of left ventricular hypertrophy: test performance in relation to definition of hypertrophy and presence of obesity","volume":"27","author":"Okin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.56.3.391","article-title":"A study of the human heart as a multiple dipole source. IV. Left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of right bundle branch block","volume":"56","author":"Holt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90143-1","article-title":"Left atrial abnormality as an electrocardiographic criterion for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of right bundle branch block","volume":"52","author":"Murphy","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90661-3","article-title":"Electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of complete right bundle branch block","volume":"62","author":"De Leonardis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90082-9","article-title":"Electrocardiographic criteria for diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of complete right bundle branch block","volume":"63","author":"Vandenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.015","article-title":"AHA\/ACCF\/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part V: electrocardiogram changes associated with cardiac chamber hypertrophy a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology","volume":"53","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.2012.0110","article-title":"Electrocardiographic diagnosis of the left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with left bundle branch block: is it necessary to verify old criteria?","volume":"19","author":"Baranowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiol J"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90133-6","article-title":"Electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of left anterior fascicular block","volume":"61","author":"Gertsch","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1159\/000398448","article-title":"Left anterior hemiblock and electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"16","author":"Bozzi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Adv Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(92)90080-M","article-title":"Limitations of the electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy: the influence of left anterior hemiblock and right bundle branch block","volume":"34","author":"Fragola","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12029","article-title":"Diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of left anterior fascicular block: a reexamination of the 2009 AHA\/ACCF\/HRS guidelines","volume":"18","author":"Ravi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816060-00001","article-title":"Assessment of prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Korner","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000036401.99908.DB","article-title":"Left ventricular mass: reliability of M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiographic formulas","volume":"40","author":"Myerson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2024020714492959100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283593029","article-title":"Prognostic value of the extent of left ventricular hypertrophy and its evolution in the hypertensive patient","volume":"30","author":"Gosse","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hypertens"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article\/28\/8\/1038\/2743403","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article\/28\/8\/1038\/2743403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T12:40:01Z","timestamp":1707309601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajh\/article\/28\/8\/1038\/2743403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajh\/hpu268","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-7061","1941-7225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-7061","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-7225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]]}}}