{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T14:09:24Z","timestamp":1776262164662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although attenuated heart rate recovery (HRR) and reduced heart rate (HR) reserve to maximal exercise testing are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, their relation to incident hypertension in healthy normotensive populations is unclear. We examined the hypothesis that both attenuated HRR and reduced HR reserve to exercise testing are associated with incident hypertension in men.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1,855 participants were selected comprising of healthy, initially normotensive men who underwent peak or symptom-limited treadmill testing at baseline. HRR was calculated as the difference between peak HR during exercise testing and the HR at 2 minutes after exercise cessation. HR reserve was calculated as the percentage of HR reserve (peak HR \u2212 resting HR)\/(220 \u2212 age \u2212 resting HR) \u00d7 100.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During an average 4-year follow-up, 179 (9.6%) men developed hypertension. Incident hypertension was associated with HRR quartiles (Q1 (&amp;lt;42 (bpm)) 12.5%, Q2 (43\u201349 bpm) 8.5%, Q3 (50\u201356 bpm) 9.3%, and Q4 (&amp;gt;57 bpm) 8.3%; P = 0.05 for trend). The relative risk (RR) of the incident hypertension in the slowest HRR quartile vs. the fastest HRR quartile was 1.78 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14\u20132.78) after adjustment for confounders. Every 1 bpm increment in HRR was associated with a 2% (RR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97\u20130.99) lower risk of incident hypertension after adjusting for potential confounders. In contrast, reduced HR reserve did not predict the risk of incident hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Slow HRR after exercise testing is independently associated with the development of hypertension in healthy normotensive men.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpw028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,3]],"date-time":"2016-04-03T00:10:07Z","timestamp":1459642207000},"page":"1103-1108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Attenuated Heart Rate Recovery After Exercise Testing and Risk of Incident Hypertension in Men"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sae Young","family":"Jae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul 1 , Seoul , South Korea ;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanokwan","family":"Bunsawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois 2 , Chicago, Illinois , USA ;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Fadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri 3 , Columbia, Missouri , USA ;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Fernhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois 2 , Chicago, Illinois , USA ;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine 4 , Seoul , South Korea ;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong Bae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Cheil General Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine 5 , Seoul , South Korea ;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry A.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Hospital 6 , Royal Oak, Michigan , USA ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012405581982100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302524","article-title":"The autonomic nervous system and hypertension","volume":"114","author":"Mancia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ 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