{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:10:20Z","timestamp":1793722220237,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article aims to evaluate management options for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and associated treatment considerations such as efficacy, tolerability, drug interactions, contraindications, and dosing regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperprolactinemia is a common adverse effect of antipsychotics. First-line management includes reducing the dose of the offending antipsychotic, discontinuing the antipsychotic, or switching to another antipsychotic associated with a lower risk of hyperprolactinemia. However, these options are not always practical and are associated with a risk of relapse of the psychiatric illness. Other management options include adjunctive aripiprazole, dopamine agonists (cabergoline and bromocriptine), metformin, and herbal supplements. A search of Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar using key terms such as hyperprolactinemia, prolactin, antipsychotic, treatment guidelines, aripiprazole, dopamine agonist, cabergoline, bromocriptine, metformin, herbals, supplements, and medications was conducted for literature retrieval. Upon evaluation of the available literature we found the following: (1) aripiprazole is safe and effective in lowering prolactin levels within normal limits; (2) adjunctive cabergoline and bromocriptine decrease elevated prolactin levels, while cabergoline may be more effective in reducing prolactin but can also be associated with a more serious adverse effect of cardiac valvular abnormalities; (3) metformin causes a mild reduction of prolactin levels; and (4) there are limited data to support use of herbal medications (chamomile, Peony-Glycyrrhiza decoction, and shakuyaku-kanzo-to) in antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are treatments available for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients who are unable to alter their current antipsychotic regimen. However, there remains a need for additional short- and long-term studies to determine the efficacy and safety of these treatment strategies, given that patients taking antipsychotics typically require chronic, life-long treatment for their illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxab065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T19:38:12Z","timestamp":1614281892000},"page":"862-871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Guidance on the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia when switching the antipsychotic is not an option"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Matthew M","family":"Rusgis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afaq Y","family":"Alabbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh Anne","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20567","article-title":"Management of common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications","volume":"17","author":"Stroup","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2011.589044","article-title":"Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia","volume":"45","author":"Inder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2018.1521415","article-title":"A real-world analysis of healthcare costs and relative risk of hyperprolactinemia associated with antipsychotic treatments in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Cloutier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03814.x","article-title":"Antipsychotics and hyperprolactinaemia: mechanisms, consequences and management","volume":"74","author":"Holt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2016.14.3.238","article-title":"Effects of antipsychotics on bone mineral density in patients with schizophrenia: gender differences","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00128-2","article-title":"Hyperprolactinemia in response to antipsychotic drugs: characterization across comparative clinical trials","volume":"28","author":"Kinon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0449","article-title":"Association of mental disorders and related medication use with risk for major osteoporotic fractures","volume":"74","author":"Bolton","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12313","article-title":"A meta-analysis of prevalence estimates and moderators of low bone mass in people with schizophrenia","volume":"130","author":"Stubbs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"47","key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1967","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001967","article-title":"Bone mineral density in schizophrenia: an update of current meta-analysis and literature review under guideline of PRISMA","volume":"94","author":"Tseng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2019.01.006","article-title":"Antipsychotic use and fracture risk: An evaluation of incidence at a Veterans Affairs medical center","volume":"9","author":"Weaver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ment Health Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021050612022754200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x","article-title":"Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. 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