{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:13:01Z","timestamp":1787008381698,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to treat hypertension (HTN) during pregnancy presents well-established risks to a developing fetus. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the current state of antihypertensive prescribing and contraceptive use in females of childbearing age within a large safety-net health system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The retrospective cross-sectional study focused on females aged 18-49 years with a documented diagnosis of HTN. The proportion of patients prescribed an ACE inhibitor or ARB and using a documented form of contraception was calculated. Documented forms of contraception included oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, injections, implants, and surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 4,187 patients were identified from the HTN registry; after application of exclusion criteria 3,045 patients were included in the study population. The mean age was 39 years (range, 18-49 years). The most frequently prescribed classes of antihypertensive medications were ACE inhibitors and ARBs (one or the other was used by 1,146 patients [37.6%]), followed by thiazide diuretics (n = 710, 23.3%) and calcium channel blockers (n = 599, 19.7%). Of the 1,146 patients prescribed an ACE inhibitor or ARB, 553 (48%) were using a documented form of contraception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rates of ACE inhibitor or ARB prescribing to females of childbearing age were high despite the teratogenic risks, and fewer than half of patients had documented protection from pregnancy. Provider and patient education and potential creation of best practice alerts in the electronic medical record regarding the risks of using ACE inhibitors and ARBs in females of childbearing age are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxab162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T19:48:21Z","timestamp":1618429701000},"page":"1317-1322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antihypertensive prescribing patterns and hypertension control in females of childbearing age"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Blaire M","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Billings Clinic, Billings, MT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel C","family":"Marrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"289","key":"2021071005390416200_CIT0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: United States, 2015-2016","author":"Fryar","year":"2017","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021071005390416200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001456","article-title":"In-utero exposure to antihypertensive medication and neonatal and child health outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Fitton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021071005390416200_CIT0003","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"122","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021071005390416200_CIT0004","first-page":"e13","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NAMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021071005390416200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2008.00938.x","article-title":"Use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in hypertensive women of childbearing age","volume":"33","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"2021071005390416200_CIT0006","author":"Targeted Intervention: ACEI\/ARB and statin use in women of childbearing age without contraceptives"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021071005390416200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2011.03.100198","article-title":"Teratogen use in women of childbearing potential: an intervention study","volume":"24","author":"Morrical-Kline","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"2021071005390416200_CIT0008","volume-title":"NCHS Data Brief","author":"Daniels"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021071005390416200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1506575","article-title":"Declines in unintended pregnancy in the United States, 2008-2011","volume":"374","author":"Finer","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxab162\/37053439\/zxab162.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article-pdf\/78\/14\/1317\/38891784\/zxab162.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article-pdf\/78\/14\/1317\/38891784\/zxab162.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T04:40:27Z","timestamp":1625892027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article\/78\/14\/1317\/6225093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxab162","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-2082","1535-2900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-2082","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-2900","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]}}}