{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:02:45Z","timestamp":1792785765884,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSW Ministry of Health Translational Research Grants Scheme","award":["FE7801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FE7801"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe a virtual clinical pharmacy service as a model of care to support rural and remote Australian hospitals that otherwise would not have access to onsite pharmacists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many small hospitals in Australia do not have an onsite hospital pharmacist and struggle to support and optimize patient care. To increase access to a hospital pharmacist\u2019s specialized skills and medication knowledge, a virtual clinical pharmacy service was designed and implemented in 8 hospitals across rural New South Wales, Australia in 2020. The virtual clinical pharmacy service focuses on the core role of hospital pharmacists, including obtaining a best possible medication history, medication reconciliation at transitions of care, medication review, interprofessional team meetings, provision of patient-friendly medication lists, antimicrobial stewardship, and patient and clinician education. The model is aligned with recognized standards of practice for the delivery of clinical pharmacy services in Australian hospitals. This article details a model of care for translation across other settings. It provides the necessary details on clinical services, processes, supporting structures, an evaluation framework, and other important considerations for implementing virtual pharmacy services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research provides policymakers, health service planners, and practitioners with a model for providing comprehensive clinical pharmacy services virtually to increase the safe and effective use of medicines. Future publication of the findings of a formal evaluation of the model\u2019s acceptability and effectiveness is planned.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T18:12:27Z","timestamp":1647367947000},"page":"1376-1384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Virtual clinical pharmacy services: A model of care to improve medication safety in rural and remote Australian health services"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5717-6099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett","family":"Chambers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Western NSW Local Health District , Dubbo , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3870-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristen","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western NSW Local Health District , Dubbo , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0372-4373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Packer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western NSW Local Health District , Dubbo , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5892-7333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Botha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western NSW Local Health District , Orange , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2956-8957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerard","family":"Hawthorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western NSW Local Health District , Orange , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5348-3697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Nott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western NSW Local Health District , Dubbo , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0001","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Government"},{"key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0002","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.07.016","article-title":"Economic impact of clinical pharmaceutical activities in hospital wards: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Baudouin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13821","DOI":"10.2196\/13821","article-title":"Improving Transplant Medication Safety Through a Technology and Pharmacist Intervention (ISTEP): protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0005","first-page":"134","article-title":"Clinical pharmacy services","volume":"22","author":"Bond","year":"2002","journal-title":"hospital pharmacy staffing, and medication errors in United States hospitals. Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05229-y","article-title":"A stepped wedge trial of efficacy and scalability of a virtual clinical pharmacy service (VCPS) in rural and remote NSW health facilities","volume":"20","author":"Allan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0007","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics"},{"key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0008","author":"Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care"},{"key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2055-2335.2005.tb00322.x","article-title":"SHPA standards of practice for clinical pharmacy","volume":"35","author":"Committee of Specialty Practice in Clinical Pharmacy, Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-07328-w","article-title":"\u201cThis is streets ahead of what we used to do\u201d: staff perceptions of virtual clinical pharmacy services in rural and remote Australian hospitals","volume":"21","author":"Allan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022080508594273700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1071\/AH09794","article-title":"The reported benefits of telehealth for rural Australians","volume":"34","author":"Moffatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac082\/43152409\/zxac082.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article-pdf\/79\/16\/1376\/45235001\/zxac082.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article-pdf\/79\/16\/1376\/45235001\/zxac082.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T05:00:50Z","timestamp":1659675650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article\/79\/16\/1376\/6549160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac082","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-2082","1535-2900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-2082","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-2900","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]}}}