{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:22:09Z","timestamp":1792819329630,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate current evidence on the utility of hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine (HAT) therapy for the management of septic shock.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The following keyword search terms were utilized in PubMed to identify relevant articles: ascorbic acid, thiamine, hydrocortisone, shock, and critical care. Articles relevant to HAT therapy in patients with septic shock were selected. Retrospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials were included in this review; case reports\/series were excluded. Data from included studies illustrating the use of HAT therapy for the management of sepsis and septic shock, including data on time to HAT therapy initiation, severity of illness at baseline, duration of vasopressor therapy, progression of organ failure, and mortality, were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The utilization of HAT therapy for the management of sepsis and septic shock remains controversial. Hemodynamic benefits have been shown to be most pronounced when HAT therapy is initiated earlier. Future studies directed at earlier initiation may be necessary to confirm this theory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T01:10:49Z","timestamp":1655255449000},"page":"1626-1633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unanswered questions on the use of hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine therapy in sepsis and septic shock"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Ragoonanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Sarasota Memorial Hospital , Sarasota, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Tampa General Hospital , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veeshal","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary\/Critical Care, University of South Florida , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige","family":"Morgan Nickelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Services, Sarasota Memorial Hospital , Sarasota, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2022092208581766100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"13","key":"2022092208581766100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.13836","article-title":"Incidence and trends of sepsis in US trials using clinical vs claims data, 2009-2014","volume":"318","author":"Rhee","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022092208581766100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002255","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016","volume":"45","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022092208581766100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111762","article-title":"Hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid and thiamine (HAT therapy) for the treatment of sepsis. 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