{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:48:36Z","timestamp":1778903316255,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Factors associated with burnout in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) pharmacy leadership positions were examined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A questionnaire was distributed to all pharmacy executives of the VHA healthcare system. It collected demographic and employment characteristics, career satisfaction and work-related variables, indicators of burnout using validated single-item measures adapted from the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial and work-related variables. A \u03c72 test with Bonferroni correction was used to evaluate the data. Burnout was defined as a score of 4 or greater on either of the 2 single-item validated statements adapted from the Maslach Burnout Inventory to assess emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 407 (of 1,027; 39.6%) VHA pharmacy leaders representing Veterans Integrated Service Network pharmacy executives, chiefs of pharmacy, associate chiefs of pharmacy, and inpatient and outpatient supervisors completed the survey. The overall prevalence of burnout was 68.6% using the aggregate measure of emotional exhaustion or depersonalization. Pharmacy leaders who worked more than 60 hours a week reported significantly greater rates of burnout than those who worked 40 to 60 hours a week (86.7% vs 66.9%, \u03c72 = 7.34, degrees of freedom = 1, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Those experiencing increased workload related to COVID-19 also reported high burnout rates (72.1%, \u03c72 = 16.40, degrees of freedom = 1, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Burnout scores were similar across groups when respondents were stratified by leadership position, gender, age, or years in position.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>As of March 2021, two-thirds of pharmacy leaders were experiencing burnout. It is important for healthcare system leadership to identify patterns of burnout among their pharmacy leaders to ensure a productive and sustainable workforce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T01:19:29Z","timestamp":1658971169000},"page":"S23-S32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Assessment of burnout and pandemic fatigue among pharmacy leadership in the Veterans Health Administration healthcare system"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Annita E","family":"Mathew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System , Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan D","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Benefits Management Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs , Washington, DC , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Central Iowa Health Care System , Des Moines, IA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Ourth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Benefits Management Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs , Washington, DC , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.3199","article-title":"Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population","volume":"172","author":"Shanafelt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3886-9","article-title":"The relationship between professional burnout and quality and safety in healthcare: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Salyers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxab051","article-title":"Burnout and secondary traumatic stress in health-system pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"78","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Health-Syst Pharm."},{"issue":"24","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa315","article-title":"Evaluation of burnout among hospital and health-system pharmacy technicians in North Carolina","volume":"77","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Health-Syst Pharm."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0159015","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159015","article-title":"Healthcare staff wellbeing, burnout, and patient safety: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Hall","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"23 suppl 4","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp170818","article-title":"Evidence of burnout in health-system pharmacists","volume":"75","author":"Durham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Health-Syst Pharm."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05582-7","article-title":"National burnout trends among physicians working in the Department of Veterans Affairs","volume":"35","author":"Rinne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-2015-7","article-title":"Concurrent validity of single-item measures of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in burnout assessment","volume":"27","author":"West","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform."},{"key":"2023022112513475300_","volume-title":"The Impact of Burnout on Healthcare Executives","author":"Wittkieffer","year":"2018"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa043","article-title":"Evidence of burnout in critical care pharmacists","volume":"77","author":"Ball","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Health-Syst Pharm."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-021-01268-5","article-title":"Burnout and the challenges facing pharmacists during COVID-19: results of a national survey","volume":"43","author":"Johnston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm."},{"key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31478\/201707b","article-title":"Burnout among health care professionals: a call to explore and address this underrecognized threat to safe, high-quality care","author":"Dyrbye","year":"2017","journal-title":"NAM Perspectives."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.93.3.498","article-title":"Early predictors of job burnout and engagement","volume":"93","author":"Maslach","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Psycol."},{"key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.397","article-title":"Job burnout","volume":"52","author":"Maslach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023022112513475300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-015-9728-y","article-title":"Integrating positive and clinical psychology: viewing human functioning as continua from positive to negative can benefit clinical assessment, interventions and understandings of resilience","volume":"41","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac198\/45186947\/zxac198.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article-pdf\/80\/Supplement_1\/S23\/49285422\/zxac198.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article-pdf\/80\/Supplement_1\/S23\/49285422\/zxac198.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T01:42:43Z","timestamp":1700876563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article\/80\/Supplement_1\/S23\/6650866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac198","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-2082","1535-2900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-2082","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-2900","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]}}}