{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T02:10:42Z","timestamp":1761185442968,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the use of terms denoting race\/ethnicity in product labeling for 100 of the medications most commonly used in critically ill patients and to assess this information for overall frequency, frequency by drug class, and frequency within package insert sections to highlight the need for standardized and consistent use of Food and Drug Administration\u2013approved terminology in drug packaging and other informational materials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected by reviewing individual drug manufacturer package inserts. Each package insert was assessed for terminology that explicitly referenced race or ethnicity, and these terms were coded and quantified. After evaluating each of the 100 package inserts, a spreadsheet detailing the usage and presence of race and ethnicity terminology, including its location within the insert and frequency was created. This composite list was then analyzed to identify patterns in using such terminology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cumulative analysis of all race\/ethnicity-based terminology found in the package inserts for the top 100 intensive care unit drugs demonstrated that race\/ethnicity-related terminology occurred 94 times in 21 package inserts.\u00a0Summarizing these categories by number of occurrences showed that the race\/ethnicity-based term \u201cBlack\u201d occurred most frequently (in 29.8% [28\/94] of package inserts]).\u00a0Concerning the frequency of race\/ethnicity-related terminology by agent class, the most frequent use of these terms was (in descending order): diabetes medications, anticoagulation, antimicrobials, antihypertensives, and medications used for cholesterol\/lipid lowering. Regarding the frequency of the terms in the main sections of a package insert, most of these terms (a third of the total occurrences) were in the \u201cAdverse Reactions\u201d section (in 31.9% [30\/94] of package inserts]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some of the terminology found in the package inserts in our study was either not listed or specifically not recommended for use in federal government reporting. These findings elucidate the prevalence and contexts in which race\/ethnicity-related terminology is employed, highlighting its potential impact on clinical decision-making and drug use evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaf087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T09:28:17Z","timestamp":1743586097000},"page":"e892-e899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A systematic analysis of package insert information referencing race and ethnicity for 100 medications commonly used in critically ill patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8909-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian L","family":"Erstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy , Tucson, AZ ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Agundez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy , Phoenix, AZ ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy , Tucson, AZ ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Qasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy , Tucson, AZ ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8952-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy A","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy , Phoenix, AZ ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp070398","article-title":"ASHP statement on racial and ethnic disparities in health care","volume":"65","author":"American Society of Health-System Pharmacists","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Health-Syst Pharm"},{"author":"American Pharmacists Association","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0002"},{"author":"American College of Clinical Pharmacy","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0003"},{"author":"Society of Critical Care Medicine","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0004"},{"year":"2023","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0005"},{"author":"American Thoracic Society","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0006"},{"author":"Adams","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0007"},{"key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0008","article-title":"Guidance for industry on the collection of race and ethnicity data in clinical trials; availability","author":"US Food and Drug Administration","year":"2005","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"author":"US Food and Drug Administration","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0009"},{"author":"US Food and Drug Administration","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0010"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-1-200701020-00010","article-title":"BiDil for heart failure in Black patients: the U.S. Food and Drug Administration perspective","volume":"146","author":"Temple","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.144","article-title":"Is this the drug or dose for you? Impact and consideration of ethnic factors in global drug development, regulatory review, and clinical practice","volume":"84","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaa022","article-title":"Availability of information for dosing commonly used medications in special ICU populations","volume":"77","author":"Eastman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Health-Syst Pharm"},{"author":"National Library of Medicine","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0014"},{"author":"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, US Department of Health and Human Services","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0015"},{"author":"World Health Organization","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0016"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.61","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in drug disposition and response: review of recently approved drugs","volume":"97","author":"Ramamoorthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025102219520469200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101581","article-title":"Race-based medicine in the point-of-care clinical resource UpToDate: a systematic content analysis","volume":"52","author":"Cerde\u00f1a","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaf087\/62897022\/zxaf087.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article-pdf\/82\/21\/e892\/62897022\/zxaf087.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article-pdf\/82\/21\/e892\/62897022\/zxaf087.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T23:52:11Z","timestamp":1761177131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajhp\/article\/82\/21\/e892\/8109161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaf087","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-2082","1535-2900"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1079-2082"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1535-2900"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]}}}