{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T21:45:14Z","timestamp":1782423914655,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is standard of care in patients who require intravenous antibiotics after hospitalization. There is a lack of data on OPAT in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. This study characterized hemodialysis patients discharged on OPAT and identified factors associated with all-cause 60-day hospital readmission.\u202f\u202f<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This institutional review board\u2013approved retrospective cohort study included hemodialysis patients 18 years of age or older who were discharged from January 2020 to August 2022 with at least 1 week of OPAT. Enrolled patients were divided into 2 groups depending on their 60-day readmission status (ie, readmitted and nonreadmitted) and compared to identify risk factors associated with readmission. Treatment success, adverse event (ADE) rates, and transition-of-care process measures were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 162 patients were included in the study, with 81 patients in each group. The most common indication for OPAT was bloodstream infection (n = 83, 51%). The median time to first readmission was 24 days (interquartile range, 11-45 days). After adjusting for confounders, nonreadmitted patients were more likely to have a pharmacist infection treatment plan note before discharge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.195; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.039-0.977) and to have attended infectious disease (ID) follow-up appointments (aOR, 0.337; 95% CI, 0.161-0.705). Female sex was associated with increased risk of all-cause 60-day readmission (aOR, 3.352; 95% CI, \u202f1.738-6.467; P &amp;lt; 0.001). The rate of changes in OPAT after discharge, the number of reported ADEs, and the number of emergency department visits were all significantly higher in the readmitted group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that pharmacist-led education, attending follow-up ID appointments, and male sex are associated with reduced risk of all-cause 60-day readmission in hemodialysis patients.\u202f\u202f<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaf188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T11:15:48Z","timestamp":1752837348000},"page":"S3003-S3011","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors associated with all-cause 60-day readmission in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis discharged on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Ghaleb","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health , Detroit, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surafel G","family":"Mulugeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health , Detroit, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzette","family":"Gendjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health , Detroit, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantale","family":"Daifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health , Detroit, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M","family":"Kenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health , Detroit, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy C","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health , Detroit, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025112318513046000_zxaf188-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy745","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the management of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy","volume":"68","author":"Norris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025112318513046000_zxaf188-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S48906","article-title":"Managing an outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy team: challenges and solutions","volume":"10","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025112318513046000_zxaf188-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.22","article-title":"Cost minimization analysis of outpatient parenteral\/oral antibiotic therapy at a trauma hospital: public health system","volume":"42","author":"Loesch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2025112318513046000_zxaf188-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxab165","article-title":"Failure modes and effects analysis to improve transitions of care in patients discharged on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy","volume":"78","author":"Sadler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Health-Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112318513046000_zxaf188-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-018-0240-3","article-title":"Risk factors for readmission in patients discharged with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025112318513046000_zxaf188-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae177","article-title":"Current practices and challenges of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a narrative review","volume":"79","author":"Wolie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025112318513046000_zxaf188-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit211","article-title":"Are we ready for an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy bundle? 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