{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T02:49:05Z","timestamp":1776048545804,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While randomized controlled trials remain the gold standard for assessing treatment efficacy, studies using real-world data (RWD) offer valuable insights into treatment effectiveness across broader, more diverse patient populations. This commentary explores the importance of using fit-for-purpose data and emphasizes the need for rigorous evaluation of RWD quality to support valid and actionable evidence generation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The utility of RWD-based studies depends heavily on the fitness-for-purpose of the data source, which requires careful assessment of 5 key quality dimensions: relevance, extensiveness, timeliness, coherence, and reliability. Practical examples from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) comparative effectiveness research are used to illustrate each data quality domain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As the need for RWD increases, especially for post\u2013COVID-19 pandemic decision-making, ensuring high data quality and appropriate study design is critical. Proper evaluation of RWD sources enhances the credibility of findings and supports their use in meta-analyses, clinical guidelines, and healthcare policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T12:46:37Z","timestamp":1770295597000},"page":"S2909-S2914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating treatment effectiveness: Complementing RCTs with real-world data"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Christina G","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essy","family":"Mozaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Gilead Sciences , Foster City, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie 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