{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T12:31:15Z","timestamp":1787142675034,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis remains a major global public health problem. Adherence to antituberculous treatment is essential to prevent disease transmission and the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This study aims to evaluate adherence to first-line antituberculous medications in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data compiled in the Merative MarketScan commercial and Medicaid claims databases from 2016 to 2022. High adherence was defined as a proportion of days covered of \u226580% over a 6-month follow-up period. The study included patients with prescription claims for all 4 first-line antituberculous medications: isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Patients without continuous enrollment for 6 months prior to treatment initiation were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final cohort included 168 Medicaid patients and 257 commercially insured patients. The lowest adherence was observed for isoniazid (Medicaid, 45.8% [95% CI, 38.1%-53.7%]; commercial plans, 50.2% [95% CI, 43.9%-56.5%]), followed by rifampin (56.6% [95% CI, 48.7%-64.2% in Medicaid). Higher adherence was observed for ethambutol (Medicaid, 71.4% [95% CI, 63.9%-78.1%]; commercial, 68.9% [95% CI, 62.8%-74.5%]) and pyrazinamide (Medicaid, 67.3% [95% CI, 59.6%-74.3%]; commercial, 71.6% (95% CI, 65.7%-77.0%]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adherence to first-line antituberculous medications remains suboptimal. Higher rates of adherence to ethambutol and pyrazinamide may reflect better adherence during the intensive treatment phase compared to the continuation phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxag064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T12:32:58Z","timestamp":1772368378000},"page":"e649-e656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adherence to antituberculous medication regimens in the United States: Insights from MarketScan databases, 2016-2022"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Pooja","family":"Gokhale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy , Athens, GA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Villa Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy , Athens, GA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026081907562614800_zxag064-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065202","article-title":"Tuberculosis: pathogenesis, current treatment regimens and new drug targets","volume":"24","author":"Alsayed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026081907562614800_zxag064-B2","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026081907562614800_zxag064-B3","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"2026081907562614800_zxag064-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/s03.20.2022","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection: approach and therapeutic schemes","volume":"35","author":"Fort\u00fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter"},{"key":"2026081907562614800_zxag064-B5","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Tobin","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026081907562614800_zxag064-B6","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Jilani","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026081907562614800_zxag064-B7"},{"key":"2026081907562614800_zxag064-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7108a1","article-title":"Interim guidance: 4-month rifapentine-moxifloxacin regimen for the treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis \u2014 United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Carr","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081907562614800_zxag064-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201509-632PS","article-title":"Treatment of tuberculosis. 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